During the National Day holiday, a heavy rainfall that lasted for more than 90 hours pushed Shanxi to the forefront.

　　The lower reaches of Fenhe River suffered the biggest flood peak in the past 40 years, with 37 rivers in Shanxi flooding, embankments such as Wuma River, Fenhe River and Ciyao River burst, 60,213.6 kilometers of roads were damaged, 1,757,100 people in 76 counties were affected, and 120,100 people were resettled urgently. The affected area of crops reached 3,576,900 mu, resulting in a direct economic loss of 5.029 billion yuan.

　　Danger is constant, and responsibility is like a mountain! People first, life first!

　　The Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government responded quickly, started the disaster relief response at the first time, and allocated and allocated relief materials and funds in a timely manner. Party committees and governments at all levels, the people and the rescue team were moved by the "flood" and United as one, starting a "tough battle" for flood control and disaster relief, and restoring and rebuilding their homes.

　　The cadres of Xixue Village, Jifeng Town, Jishan County and the rescue team worked together to fight floods. Photo courtesy of Yuncheng Daily

　　Comprehensive response, life first, launching a "tough battle" for flood control and disaster relief.

　　Shanxi, which has always been short of water, is now a Zeguo.

　　"From October 2 to October 7, the average precipitation in the province was 119 mm, and the average rainfall in the Fenhe River Basin was 132.6 mm, both far exceeding the historical level. This is the strongest precipitation process in autumn since Shanxi has meteorological observation records. " Wang Wenyi, deputy director of Shanxi Meteorological Bureau, said.

　　Flood is an order, and flood control is a responsibility.

　　The Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government attached great importance to it, and quickly convened the province’s flood control and disaster relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction work meeting, and made a special deployment meeting to restore production and living order after the disaster, and made arrangements for doing a good job in related work.

　　The officers and men of the armed police are stepping up the construction of dams. Photo courtesy of Yuncheng Daily

　　Although disasters are merciless, people can be more promising. Shanxi launched a provincial flood control level IV response and decisively shut down some coal mines, non-coal mines and hazardous enterprises; In view of Taiyuan, Lvliang, Jinzhong, Yuncheng and other places with serious dangers, 165 rescue teams and 13,535 people were mobilized to rescue and rescue; Set up 845 temporary centralized resettlement sites, distribute 4,520 tents and 24,600 cotton trousers, and properly resettle the affected people; The Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance, together with the Provincial Emergency Management Department, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Provincial Department of Water Resources, issued 50 million yuan of provincial flood disaster relief funds, 148 million yuan from the Shanxi Charity Federation, and 80.2 million yuan from the social relief donations accepted by the Shanxi Red Cross. The National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Emergency Management Department also launched the national level IV emergency response to disaster relief, and sent disaster relief working groups to assist and guide the resettlement and relief work of the affected people. The Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department urgently pre-allocated 50 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds to Shanxi, and all the funds have been allocated to the grassroots of cities and counties.

　　At the same time, more than 3,000 cadres and experts from the agricultural and rural system in Shanxi Province went to the fields for the first time to help the affected farmers solve practical difficulties and problems. Shanxi CDC quickly dispatched more than 50 professionals in emergency, infectious diseases, vectors, drinking water, food safety and disinfection to form 11 expert groups, and went to various cities to supervise and guide post-disaster epidemic prevention and risk assessment in the affected areas.

　　United as one, we can overcome the difficulties together. Shanxi Province actively responded to the dangerous situation and spared no effort to rescue it. After continuous fighting, the province’s flood control and emergency rescue achieved initial results.

　　Overcome difficulties and charge the front line, and strive to restore the order of production and life.

　　From the early morning of October 3 to 17: 00 on October 6, the continuous rainfall in Qixian County of Jinzhong City reached 89 hours, and the rainfall in the whole county was nearly 200 mm. The average and maximum daily precipitation approached the historical peak.

　　On October 6th, Changyuan River Bridge on Nantong-Pudong Railway was attacked by a flood, the abutment was washed away by the flood, and the rails and sleepers were suspended, just like an "iron cable bridge". Changyuan River is the mother river of Qixian County, with a total length of 75,000 meters in Qixian County. Changyuan Henan Tongpu Railway Bridge spans the east and west sides of Changyuan River, which is a railway trunk line running through south-central Shanxi.

　　Race against the flood, race against time. After the dangerous situation occurred, China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Jinzhong City and County fully organized emergency repairs and mobilized more than 800 construction workers to carry out emergency construction day and night. Blast the overflow bridge and open the 30-meter-long spillway; Interception of Changyuan River for 3 hours to gain time for railway construction; More than 200 transport vehicles, more than 50 loaders, excavators and other machinery have all been put into the rush work … … At 7: 36 on October 14th, the South Tongpu Railway resumed operation in both directions after being repaired day and night.

　　South Tongpu Railway Repair Site. Photo courtesy of China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co., Ltd.

　　"Unity is strength, unity is strength, this strength is iron, this strength is steel … …” At 9 o’clock on the evening of October 7, at the bank of Ciyao in Xiangle Township, Pingyao County, bursts of songs pierced the night.

　　Singing loudly, against the roar of the flood — — Ciyao River burst its banks, and the general attack of blocking is about to start. This song is the call sign for Pingyao Brigade, the fire rescue detachment of Jinzhong City, which has been fighting for more than ten hours continuously! Finally, at 1: 30 am on October 8, the Ciyao River burst and successfully closed! The fire commanders and fighters made great efforts to widen and reinforce the dam, and checked repeatedly to ensure that the hidden dangers were eliminated before leaving the scene.

　　At this moment, the Ciyao River has returned to calm, leaving only a trail of fighting on the muddy embankment. In this battle, 52 officers and men of Pingyao Fire Fighting worked nonstop for 14 hours, built a dam for 16 meters, laid 182 wooden stakes and iron piles, struck about 4,800 times, and filled 9,600 bags of cement. According to statistics, from October 1st to October 7th, Shanxi Firefighters dispatched 386 flood-fighting rescues, 627 fire-fighting vehicles and 3,801 people, and evacuated and rescued 920 trapped people.

　　Persistence, rescue and mutual assistance … … Numerous forces of "riding the wind and breaking the waves" emerged in the rainstorm. They put on "raincoats and shirts" and became the guardians of the city and the people.

　　As of October 11th, 30 blocked sections have been blocked by highways in Shanxi Province, 19 blocked sections have been blocked by ordinary national and provincial trunk highways, and 2,800 blocked sections have been blocked by rural highways. The road transport network in the province has basically recovered smoothly. The 56 coal mines that stopped production have resumed production, which will not have a significant impact on Shanxi’s coal supply.

　　Look out for each other, support from all directions, and go all out to restore a beautiful home.

　　The rain is continuous, the river is rising, and the areas where Fenhe River and Qinhe River flow are the most seriously affected. The villages built by the river are facing a severe test.

　　"I never thought there was such a big water." Li Xiaobin, secretary of the Party branch of Beiqiaotou Village, Daxiaobao Town, xiaoyi city, Shanxi Province, recalled the past few days and was very sad. Beiqiaotou Village is located in the south-central part of Shanxi, at the intersection of Wenyu River, Ciyao River and Fenhe River, and it is one of the villages most seriously affected by this flood. "The village was flooded by water more than one meter deep, and the deepest part was more than two meters. The water in the house flooded onto the kang and debris floated. "

　　On October 3, Li Xiaobin found that the water level of Wenyu River was rising rapidly, and he felt that something was wrong. He and the cadres of villages and towns have successively found more than 10 loaders and 4 excavators to reinforce and raise the dams on the edge of the village with soil and sand.

　　The plugging failed. On October 6, after learning that the upstream reservoir was going to flood, more than 2,000 people in Qiaotou Village were all transferred, and Li Xiaobin finally evacuated.

　　At the same time, Hongshan Village, Jiexiu City, which is separated from Qiaotou Village by a river, is also facing collective transfer. The water level is getting higher and higher, so evacuation needs the help of transportation. Some villagers provide their own excavators, and many excavators transport people at the same time. Along the way, the village loudspeakers repeatedly sounded the village committee’s exhortation: "Do a good job of protection and evacuate quickly" and "Life is the most important" … …

　　On October 8, at the resettlement site of Xinjiang Gymnasium in Yuncheng City, two medical staff on duty (left) learned about the physical health of the people affected by Hongfeng. Gao xinsheng photo

　　In the face of great disaster, Shanxi people tried to save themselves. At the same time, familiar "life-saving documents" reappeared. The producer is Qi Yifei, a Shanxi girl who is a junior at Xi ‘an Jiaotong University. On the evening of October 6th, she posted her own online sharing form on social media for everyone to provide rescue and disaster information. In just 48 hours after the document was published, more than 600 pieces of help and rescue information were gathered.

　　Along with the flood, there are also a large number of rescue teams, volunteers and a steady stream of relief supplies. The assistance from all directions illustrates the spirit of China, which is to help each other and help each other in the same boat.

　　— — I am still in post-disaster reconstruction. I heard that Shanxi was hit by a devastating flood. Li Baomin, the affected people in Liulitang Village, Shangle Village, Weihui City, Henan Province, did not hesitate to donate more than 10 acres of 60,000 kilograms of cabbage and radish.

　　— — By plane and high-speed train, An Bin, a young man from Urumqi, traveled more than 2,700 kilometers to Linfen, Shanxi, just to become a flood control volunteer.

　　A special "concert" was held at the resettlement site of Xinjiang Gymnasium in Yuncheng City, where the logistical support was smooth. Volunteers sang My People，My Country with the masses and cheered each other.

　　The owner of Yuncheng steamed bread shop made 1000 Chinese buns at 3 am and drove them to flood relief workers. Steaming food should be thrown away even through the flood.

　　Hu Lei, who is disabled and lives by picking up garbage, donated a car full of materials to Beiqiaotou Village from Ningxia.

　　… …

　　Related topics such as "Refueling in Shanxi", "Summary of urgently needed materials in Shanxi" and "Holding an umbrella for Shanxi" have been hotly searched, and netizens have been constantly forwarding them, and the spirit of mutual assistance has been transmitted among networks, which has provided strong support for disaster prevention and relief work.

　　The flood is too great to stop goodwill and determination. After the rainstorm washed away, it washed out the sparkling beauty of human nature.

　　After the rainstorm, villagers in Rencun Township, Taigu District, Jinzhong City seized the opportunity to harvest peanuts. Sun Taiyan

　　"I have the confidence to lead everyone to rebuild Beiqiaotou Village, and please rest assured the villagers. There is a strong motherland behind us. " Li Xiaobin bowed while wiping his tears, and the young and old beside him kept nodding. With the arrival of various professional rescue teams, the accumulated water in the affected villages in Daxiaobao Town, including Beiqiaotou Village, is declining.

　　At 18: 00 on October 11th, 78 elderly people from the Recreation and Nursing Home in Lingshi County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province returned to their warm homes safely. "When the flood receded, we went home and were not afraid."

　　Some people say, "the children of Sanjin survived the most difficult time." At present, the flood flow of rivers in Shanxi has been continuously reduced, and the river gaps have been blocked one after another. The disaster relief materials from all over the country have been fully put in the resettlement sites, and the disaster situation has been alleviated to some extent. Ensuring the basic livelihood of the affected people is placed at the top of the current relief work. As of October 12, Shanxi has implemented a total of 43,042 temporary relief for people suffering from disasters and distributed relief funds of 25.001 million yuan; Charity associations at all levels in the province have received a total of 214 million yuan of social donations and materials worth 76 million yuan, and urgently needed materials such as 148 million yuan of donations and 62 million yuan of warm clothes and quilts are being allocated to the disaster areas one after another.

　　For the affected areas, the greater difficulty lies in the subsequent recovery and reconstruction. Intensify river clearing to ensure smooth flood discharge; Strengthen the prevention and response to geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and carry out inspections and dangers of warping dams and tailings ponds; Do a good job in the investigation of rural adobe houses, caves and other places, and strengthen the investigation of houses soaked in cities for a long time and shanty towns … … While doing a good job in flood control and disaster relief and helping the affected people, Shanxi has gone all out to rebuild its beautiful home.

　　May Shanxi be safe, and Shanxi will eventually be safe. We believe that the land of Sanjin, which is outstanding in people and places, will be able to rejuvenate and reproduce good scenery.

Facing the world and the future. In the future, Shanghai’s countryside will become an extremely precious scarce resource for megacities, an important bearing place for urban core functions, and a strategic space to enhance urban energy level and core competitiveness.

Shanghai Planning and Natural Resources Bureau will work with Shanghai Urban Planning and Design Institute to focus on future rural communities.Natural ecology, innovative production, neighborhood friendship, future entrepreneurship, headquarters service, artistic creation, tourism and leisure, and intelligent management.Eight scenes and a series of thematic discussions. The first seminar on "natural ecology" is about to start.

Do you still remember the questionnaire "Please conceive Shanghai rural community life circle" in January this year? In this consultation, we found that "natural ecology" is the most anticipated scene, and everyone also put forward many of their own visions.

On may 8,Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources will "Natural and Ecological Rural Scenes" As the theme, from the cross-border perspective of various disciplines, experts from universities, professional organizations and other parties, as well as relevant government departments, are invited to discuss how to rely on the rural natural environment to realize functional activities such as popular science exhibition, nature education, ecological management, leisure and recreation. In this way, it provides ideas and reference for future rural development and renewal practice, and also serves as a reference for public opinions on the current planning guidelines and pilot compilation of rural community life circle in Shanghai.

Chen Xuechu: Take nature as a teacher and be friends with nature to build an urban ecological countryside.

Guo Taoran: Old Trees, Streams and Fields —— Local Impression of Rural Shanghai

Wei Min: The Landscape of Life

Zheng Guangqiang: Community Reconstruction and Activating the Countryside —— Practice of Community Life Circle Construction in Villages with Villages

Note: The theme and order of sharing by guests shall be subject to the arrangement on the day of the meeting.

Share guest introductions(in alphabetical order)

Chen xuechu

Professor, East China Normal University. Theoretical research and technical research and development are mainly carried out around the direction of ecological restoration of land space, control of harmful algae blooms and wetland restoration; At the same time, he is also engaged in ecological engineering design, paying attention to the composite utilization and quality improvement of urban and rural ecological space, protecting and exploring the service function of ecosystem, and providing natural-based solutions for green development. He has presided over ecological design projects such as parrot Island ecological wetland, Langxia country park, agriculture, forestry and water town, etc.

Chen xuechu

Guo Taoran

Founder of Urban Wilderness Studio, executive director of Shanghai Tianyuan Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., deputy director of Shanghai Nature Education Professional Committee, director of Shanghai Research and Practice Education Alliance, and director of East China Natural History Alliance. Engaged in the research of biodiversity restoration technology and nature education in East China, since designing and managing the first urban biodiversity restoration project in Shanghai-Yijiayuan Ecological Conservation Area in 2016, a total of five related projects have been built in Shanghai to promote the construction of urban ecological network.

Guo Taoran

Wei min

Co-founder of the Four-leaf Caotang, the general manager of the planning and design of the team. Doctor of Architecture, Tongji University, national first-class registered architect, certified teacher of Park Gate sustainable design. Interdisciplinary creation of localized and participatory ecological landscape aims at accelerating the restoration of urban habitats. Representative works include the landscape, architecture and interior design of Qianxiaoju Creative Farm, the landscape and sustainable design of Shanghai Chuangzhi Agricultural Garden, and the landscape, architecture, interior and logo design of Shanghai Zhuanghang Child-friendly Community Garden.

Wei min

Zheng Guangqiang

Co-founder of Xiangban Wenlv, Chairman of Xiangban Yuanshe, Dean of Xiangban Design Institute, Master of Tongji University. Adhering to the ideal of accompanying the city with the countryside, helping the rural revitalization and construction. The Redmi Plan to save Hani villages in Yuanyang, Yunnan Province was jointly launched, aiming at opening up the economic linkage between the local and the outside world with the "rice" as a breakthrough, and realizing the economic recovery and cultural recovery of ancient villages under the goal of protecting the world heritage.

Zheng Guangqiang

How does a recruit grow into a qualified soldier in 180 days and nights? "Recruits please join the ranks" goes deep into the record and observation of the recruit training base, and is serious and lively, showing the process of quenching the recruits into steel after 00.

Author: Zheng Changhua

How many steps does it take from ordinary people to soldiers? Establish rules, organize internal affairs, conduct actual combat training, and conduct rigorous assessment … Recently, the military documentary "Recruits Please Join the ranks" jointly produced by Tencent Video and CCTV was broadcast online, and the whole process of the recruits growing into qualified soldiers was recorded by lens.

　

The program consists of seven periods, each with a theme. Starting with "Why did I choose to be a soldier", it has gone through 180 days and nights, spanning 20,000 kilometers, and went deep into the recruit training base of the three armed forces, telling the stories of recruits and military camps with short stories and true details.

Youth stories of recruits after 00

The recruits come from all over the world, with different life experiences and different temperaments, but they all come to the same place-the military camp with their love for the motherland.

　

Xu Menghao, high flyers, Department of Philosophy, Peking University, likes reading and Henan Opera; Duan Runzhi, an undergraduate student, is lively and excellent in learning, and is what people call "the child of others"; Lin Junlong, born by the sea, used to be a chef in a five-star hotel; Cai Zhuoyu, a fine arts major, hopes to paint in the blue sky with fighter planes after entering the military camp … Such a group of young people constitute the epitome of the whole film’s recruit camp.

　

"Recruits please join the ranks" aims the camera at these recruits after 00 and records the process of their tempering into steel. This tempering process is naturally full of hardships and challenges.

　

"It’s too difficult to turn a quilt into a tofu block!" Duan Runzhi, an army female soldier, never thought that she would "cushion the bottom" in a late-night emergency pull. The instructor’s minimum requirements became her "ceiling". The first packing was completely out of specification, and the second packing was successful, but she was criticized by the instructor for being too slow.

　

The air force brigade will fuck, and Class 9 will win the championship in one fell swoop. The joy of "counterattack" didn’t last long, and the pull-up project suddenly turned Cai Zhuoyu and Lin Junlong back to the prototype of "rookie". Physical fitness test, their scores hit a new record low, waiting for them is the "devil" training customized by the squad leader for them.

　

"It’s very real" and "It’s so good to cry" … Since the broadcast of "Recruits Please Join the Team", it has gained a lot of attention among young audiences. The protagonists of these stories do not have their own aura, but ordinary young people. Putting them in a special living environment, their stories naturally collide with the audience.

　

The film focuses on interacting with young netizens and strengthening dialogue with the audience in a full-fledged presentation. On the one hand, it is a humorous panoramic record of the recruits’ state. The rotation is left and right, the singing of military songs is out of tune, and the squad leader directs his comrades to "hit the tree" … A series of "god operations" with their own jokes make the work more grounded; On the one hand, Wang Bingbing, a reporter from the General Station, is the narrator, and the relaxed and humorous comment language such as "Mother learns to bully", "paddling to fish", "being rubbed by reality" and "Voldemort" not only adds a sense of delicacy to the film, but also adds youthful expression.

The growth story from youth to soldiers

Director Zhao Yunze said: "Before officially contacting this project, it is hard to imagine how the army trained ordinary people into soldiers in batches in just six months."

　

The director’s curiosity is also the breakthrough of the film.

　

Before joining the army, the recruits’ imagination of the military camp was intense and grand; After joining the army, their reality in the new barracks is to stand at attention at ease and have a little routine. "Recruits Please Join the Rank" concentrates the six-month time that these recruits entered the military camp after 00 in chronological order, and records their growth stories in the "conflict" and dynamics.

　

The title of "Peking University" did not give Xu Menghao more superiority. He was appointed as the monitor of the new recruits, and one of his duties was to upload and issue. It seems simple, but it is challenging: this requires him to have both excellent basic skills and high emotional intelligence, otherwise it will be difficult to convince the public.

　

In the updated program, Xu Menghao hit a wall when he first exercised his monitor’s rights. "Everyone is a recruit. Why do you command everyone to work?" Some comrades-in-arms disagreed with the way he assigned work and complained. With the help of veterans, Xu Menghao gradually realized that there was a big problem in his way of doing things. In the latest "picnic", he took the initiative to integrate into group activities and finally realized the "breaking the ice" with his comrades.

　

The program focuses on the intuitive response of recruits to setbacks, and outlines a "deformation meter" belonging to recruits in the low valley-contradiction-growth. Under the lens of the program, every recruit’s body and soul are being "scattered" and "reshaped" again. In the process of recording, in addition to the principle of non-intervention, the program also used another method-giving the microphone to the recruits.

　

At the end of the first program, the recruits can finally contact their families. Some people burst into tears at the sound of their family members, some people cried because they missed their mother and asked her to take more photos and send them to them, and some people told their families to have a good meal … A homesick greeting instantly "returned" the recruits to their prototype. At this moment, homesickness spread among them, without concealment or restraint, and all feelings broke through the screen. Iron soldiers are accompanied by deep affection, and the program outlines the true appearance of teenagers in real records.

　

As a co-producer, Tencent Video continues to connect with the audience in a young voice and novel expression. From How to Talk about this painting to The Great Qin of the Fresh Museum, and this time, the new recruits are invited to join the ranks. The themes are different, but they are all constantly "new" in expression. This time, "Recruits please join the ranks" aims at the recruits, which is a new exploration of the young expression of military themes. In the follow-up program, what are the unknown training programs for the sailors of the "One Speciality and Many Capabilities" warship, how to train the female soldiers of the "Snow Lotus on the Plateau" garrison in Tibet, and how the airmen of the "Blue Angel" air force guard Hawk to complete the battle will all be shown one by one.

Editor | Sui Fangfang Ning Yahong

　　 [Reading Classics Theory]

　　 General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In the final analysis, accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics is to build China’s independent knowledge system. We should take China as a mirror, take the times as a mirror, base ourselves on the reality of China, solve the China issue, constantly promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and constantly promote knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation and method innovation, so that philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics can truly stand in the world academic forest. " Problems are the starting point and power source of innovation. Marx pointed out: "The problem is the open and fearless voice of the times that influences all individuals. The problem is the slogan of the times and the most practical voice for it to express its mental state. " Marx and Engels’ practice of carrying out theoretical research based on the "question" as the "voice of the times" is of great enlightening significance for us to construct China’s independent knowledge system and promote academic theoretical innovation.

　　one

　　 In 1843, when German philosophers were still immersed in criticizing the achievements of German religion, Marx was keenly aware that Germany’s "problems" had changed. Marx pointed out that as far as Germany is concerned, the criticism of religion has basically ended, and with the "sacred image of human self-alienation being exposed", how to "expose self-alienation with non-sacred image" has become the main "problem". Marx believes that based on this change of "problem", philosophers’ critical activities should also be changed accordingly, that is, "the criticism of heaven becomes the criticism of the world, the criticism of religion becomes the criticism of law, and the criticism of theology becomes the criticism of politics". In Marx’s view, this change is "an urgent task of philosophy serving history", so it is not dispensable and insignificant for philosophers. In other words, it has become "the voice of the times" to criticize the world and establish the truth of this world. This "voice of the times" became the fundamental guide for Marx to engage in theoretical research later.

　　 In carrying out "criticism of the world", Marx encountered another problem, that is, the relationship between "philosophy" and "changing the world". In terms of philosophy, Marx was deeply influenced by German philosophers represented by Powell and Feuerbach at first, but he soon realized that the different "explanations" of these "philosophers" about the world did not help the "change" of the world, which prompted him to start a comprehensive liquidation of his previous philosophical beliefs. As far as the philosophical nature is concerned, as Engels pointed out, "Strauss, Powell, Stiener and Feuerbach are all branches of Hegel’s philosophy as far as they have not left the land of philosophy." The transformation of Marx’s philosophy view is inseparable from the reflection and criticism of this kind of philosophy. Marx and Engels in the period of German Ideology have clearly realized that the core of young Hegel’s philosophy is to have a naive fantasy, that is, to think that "the real world is the product of the conceptual world", and then think that as long as people’s ideas are changed, the world can be changed accordingly. In Marx and Engels’ view, to correctly grasp the relationship between philosophy and changing the world, we must realize the transformation of historical view, from the idealistic historical view that emphasizes "looking for a certain category in each era" and "explaining practice from the perspective of ideas" to the materialistic historical view that emphasizes "always standing on the basis of realistic history" and "explaining the formation of ideas from the perspective of material practice". In this sense, the establishment of historical materialism is the result of theoretical activities based on problem orientation.

　　 The greatest achievements in philosophy and social sciences in the world are all created by answering and solving the major problems facing people and society. This is the case with Das Kapital. Engels pointed out that "the relationship between capital and labor is the axis around which all our modern social systems revolve". It can be said that how to grasp the "relationship between capital and labor" is a fundamental problem in the era when Marx and Engels lived. Grasping this problem well can not only understand the essence of capitalist society and see its development trend clearly, but also reveal the root of proletarian self-alienation and find a way to eliminate this self-alienation. In other words, if Marx wants to criticize the world and explore the truth of this world, he must grasp the problem of the relationship between capital and labor and resort to political economy. However, not only did this issue not enter Marx’s field of vision at first, but political economy was not Marx’s main attack direction at first. Marx recalled that although his major in college was law, his favorite subjects were philosophy and history. During his time as an editor of Rheinische Zeitung, he "first encountered the difficulty of expressing his opinions on the so-called material interests", which became the initial motivation for him to study economic issues. Later theoretical work made Marx come to the conclusion that both the study of the relationship between law and the anatomy of civil society should be sought in political economy. Through the study of political economy, Marx comprehensively understood and grasped the relationship between capital and labor, and obtained a series of important discoveries such as "surplus value".It can be said that it is precisely to grasp and explain this important issue that contributed to the creation of Das Kapital. Engels pointed out in the book review of Karl Marx’s Das Kapital Volume I-For Democracy Weekly that the greatness of Das Kapital lies in the fact that the relationship between capital and labor has been scientifically explained for the first time. It can be seen that the size of a theoretical achievement is closely related to whether it can reasonably answer the major issues of an era.

　　two

　　 Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party pointed out: "Problems are the voice of the times, and answering and guiding the solution of problems is the fundamental task of theory." We should grasp the pulse of the times, focus on major issues and guide them through the whole process of building China’s independent knowledge system and building philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics. To this end, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

　　 First of all, take what we are doing as the focus of academic theoretical research. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "China’s philosophy and social sciences should focus on what we are doing, dig up new materials, discover new problems, put forward new ideas and construct new theories from the practice of China’s reform and development". To construct philosophy and social science with China characteristics, we should base ourselves on the reality of China and take root in the land of China, and oppose the practice of carving a boat to seek a sword, imitating a cat and painting a tiger, copying mechanically and painting a gourd in the same way that is divorced from the reality of China.

　　 Secondly, be good at grasping and explaining those inevitable problems. In the practice of China’s reform and development, we will encounter many problems, some of which are accidental. Of course, these problems need to be studied and solved, but in contrast, we should pay more attention to those inevitable problems. Engels pointed out that "the attribute of reality only belongs to what is inevitable at the same time", that is, "inevitability" means "reality". In this sense, those inevitable problems should be the research objects of philosophy and social sciences because they have real reality. For example, the reason why the relationship between capital and labor is the problem to be studied in Das Kapital is that Marx saw that the opposition between labor and capital is an inevitable and realistic opposition. Marx pointed out: "As long as it is not understood as the opposition between labor and capital, the opposition between the proletariat and the productive is still an irrelevant opposition, an opposition that has not been understood from its dynamic relationship and its internal relationship, and has not been understood as a contradiction." That is to say, only when the "opposition between the proletariat and the productive" rises to the "opposition between labor and capital" will this opposition be inevitable and realistic, and it will become a problem that must be taken seriously and studied.

　　 Finally, focus on the overall, fundamental and key issues related to the development of the cause of the party and the state. As far as the practice of socialist modernization is concerned, because those inevitable and realistic problems are often global, fundamental and key issues related to the development of the cause of the party and the country, adhering to the problem-oriented requires us to focus on such major issues and show our true skills and achieve good results in the study of these major issues.

　　 (Author: Exhausted Changguang, a professor at the Marxist Department of Northeast Normal University, this article is the phased achievement of the key project of the National Social Science Fund "A Hundred Years’ Inheritance and Exploration of Marxist Dialectics in China" [〔21AKS003〕])

In January 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions on the 60th anniversary of the founding of China’s nuclear industry, stressing that the nuclear industry is a high-tech strategic industry and an important cornerstone of national security. It is necessary to adhere to safe development and innovative development, adhere to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, comprehensively enhance the core competitiveness of the nuclear industry, and continue to write a new brilliant chapter in China’s nuclear industry.

On December 15th, 1991, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the first self-designed and self-built nuclear power station in China, was connected to the grid for power generation, making China the seventh country in the world to design and build its own nuclear power station.

Today, Qinshan nuclear power plant has been operating safely for 30 years. After completion, the total installed capacity of Qinshan nuclear power base is 6.6 million kilowatts, the annual power generation is about 52 billion kWh, and the cumulative safe power generation is 690 billion kWh. It has become the nuclear power base with the largest number of nuclear power units, the most comprehensive reactor type and the richest nuclear power operation and management talents in China.

On the basis of ensuring the safe operation of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, China National Nuclear Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CNNC) insists on scientific and technological innovation as a strategic basis, focuses on key technologies of nuclear energy, and builds the third generation of independent nuclear power technology "Hualong No.1", which has become a "national business card" that highlights China’s independent innovation capability.

Realizing "Zero Breakthrough" of Nuclear Power

Starting from Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, all the way south to the foot of Qinshan Mountain. Under the shadow of cement buildings, there is a white building, and the high-voltage iron tower and thick transmission lines standing on the distant hills are connected with it. This building is the first 300,000 kW PWR nuclear power plant in China. The green energy output from nine operating units in and around here has been continuously imported into East China Power Grid, meeting the energy demand in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Time goes back to the 1970s. On February 8, 1970, Shanghai conveyed the spirit of Premier Zhou Enlai’s instructions on building nuclear power, and Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, China’s first independent nuclear power station, was named after the "July 28 Project".

In 1982, at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress, China solemnly announced the decision to build Qinshan nuclear power plant, which has since opened the prelude to nuclear power construction. Since then, nuclear workers from the northwest and southwest have gathered at the foot of Qinshan Mountain, involving more than 100 scientific research units, 7 design institutions, 11 construction units and hundreds of manufacturing plants. Everyone has only one goal: to achieve a "zero breakthrough" in nuclear power. In March 1985, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station poured the first tank of concrete.

Everything is difficult before it is easy. The initial construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station is not smooth, and the first-hand information that can be used for reference is very limited. "Take the main pipeline connecting the steam generator and the pressure vessel as an example, there are as many as 16 welding joints. At that time, there was no such welding technology in China." Yuan Yong, the business manager of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Party Group Work Office of China National Nuclear Corporation, recalled, "I heard that a foreign-funded enterprise had mastered the relevant technology, and the technical experts of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station went to consult."

At first, the foreign-funded enterprise agreed to provide a welding technical manual at a price of $100,000. But later, with the approaching of the construction period, the government of the country where the enterprise is located put forward two "additional conditions": first, Chinese must report to the country for the use of this welding technology; Second, when using this technology to weld pipelines, experts from this country should be sent to supervise on the spot. Hearing these conditions, Zhao Hong, then general manager of Qinshan Nuclear Power Company, decided to terminate the negotiations. Later, we used this $100,000 to build a laboratory in Qinshan site, organized experts from Tsinghua University and other units to tackle key problems, and won this technology in half a year.

"To solve the technical key in self-design, only through our own research and development can we know what it is, know why it is, and master the technical initiative." Ouyang Yu, chief designer of Qinshan nuclear power plant project, said. During the construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, every technical drawing was designed and drawn by Chinese himself. With a series of independent technologies, the design and construction project of Qinshan 300,000 kW nuclear power plant won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

There is a clock in the Nuclear Power Science and Technology Museum in Haiyan County, and the time on it is fixed at 0: 15 on December 15, 1991. This is a major breakthrough in the peaceful use of nuclear energy in China and a milestone in the second venture of the nuclear industry.

Since then, the development of Qinshan nuclear power has been accelerated, and the second, third and Fangjiashan nuclear power projects of Qinshan nuclear power have been completed one after another. In this process, China has mastered 300,000, 600,000 and 1 million kilowatts of nuclear power technology, and Qinshan nuclear power has become the epitome of nuclear power from scratch and from small to large. At the same time, Qinshan nuclear power has also taken the first step of "going out" of China’s nuclear power technology supporting services. On December 31st, 1991, China and Pakistan signed an agreement in Beijing to jointly build Pakistan’s Chashma nuclear power plant with Qinshan nuclear power plant as a reference. Chashma project was the first commercial nuclear power plant designed and built by China, and it was also the largest high-tech export project in China at that time.

Today, on the foothills directly opposite the Qinshan Phase I nuclear reactor, you can still see a stone tablet engraved with the four characters "Qinshan Chunxiao". "This is the way for China’s nuclear power workers to record history. Qinshan Nuclear Power Station is like a’ spring song’, and China’s nuclear power industry is welcoming spring." Huang Qian, Party Secretary and Chairman of Qinshan Nuclear Power of CNNC, said.

"Hualong No.1" leads China’s nuclear power technology level and comprehensive strength to rank among the first phalanx in the world.

On January 30, 2021, the third generation nuclear power technology independently developed by China and the world’s first "Hualong No.1" nuclear power unit-Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 5 was put into commercial operation. From pouring the first tank of concrete on the nuclear island to commercial operation, "Hualong No.1" took only 68.7 months, making it the only third-generation nuclear power reactor in the world built on schedule.

"Hualong No.1" has realized the dreams of several generations of nuclear power workers, including Xing Ji, chief designer and chief expert of "Hualong No.1" of China National Nuclear Corporation. In the past 30 years, Xing Ji has participated in almost all nuclear power plant construction in China, which makes him have a deeper understanding of the importance and urgency of mastering key technologies: "In the late 1980s, when China built the first large-scale commercial nuclear power plant with a capacity of one million kilowatts on the mainland, not only the main equipment could not be provided domestically, but even the basic materials for nuclear power construction could not be supplied domestically, and reinforced concrete that met the requirements of nuclear power plants could only be imported. We are all eager to develop our own million kilowatt nuclear power technology. "

Nuclear power plant is the most complex energy system so far, and the first reactor of "Hualong No.1" involves more than 70 professional fields, more than 80 structures and more than 360 systems, with more than 200,000 engineering design drawings. Every detail innovation puts forward higher requirements for design, procurement, construction, commissioning, nuclear safety and other links. In order to achieve the overall upgrade, we must learn from experience and strengthen cooperation on a global scale.

At the beginning of the research and development of "Hualong No.1", Xing Ji led the large team of "Hualong No.1" to build an efficient collaborative innovation research and development platform of "globalization for Industry-University-Research", effectively integrating technical resources and realizing complementary advantages. On the basis of summarizing China’s experience in scientific research, design, construction and management of nuclear power for more than 30 years, Hualong-1, an independent third-generation nuclear power technology, has finally been formed, which integrates a number of major technical improvements, such as "the highest safety standard, 177 cores, double containment, active and passive safety systems, earthquake resistance and large aircraft impact resistance".

The research and development of core nuclear power involves 336 systems and 25 disciplines, and the calculation amount is beyond imagination; The steam generator has 5835 pipes, almost none of which are exactly the same, and it has to pass through 9 layers of support plates smoothly; The diameter of the dome is 46.8 meters, and the thickness of the steel lining is only 6 mm. When hoisting, it must accurately fall into the guide groove with a width of only 10 mm at the narrowest part at the top of the nuclear island … seemingly "impossible tasks" are placed in front of the "Hualong No.1" team.

The core is the most important thing in the design of nuclear power plants. In the 1990s, after the Qinshan Phase II nuclear power project of 600,000 kilowatts was independently developed and designed, China National Nuclear Corporation immediately started the research and development project of independent million-kilowatt nuclear power technology, and in 1996, it put forward the plan of 177 cores, which not only increased the power generation of nuclear power units by 5% to 10%, but also greatly enhanced the safety of nuclear power plants. This is the source of the birth of "Hualong No.1" and the basis of key technologies.

"The metal material wrapped in nuclear fuel is called zirconium alloy. When we first started research and development, there was no complete production line in China. " Jiao Yongjun, chief designer of CF fuel of CNNC, recalled. After more than ten years of technical research and thousands of experiments, researchers have finally successfully developed N36 zirconium alloy with independent intellectual property rights. Subsequently, the R&D team successively overcame a series of difficulties, such as critical heat flux test and in-reactor irradiation test, and CF series nuclear fuel elements realized autonomy and industrial application.

The steam generator of "Hualong No.1" is completely different from the previous one in terms of size, core components and even every weld. In order to solve the difficulties in design and manufacture, Zhang Fuyuan, chief designer of "Hualong No.1" steam generator of China National Nuclear Corporation, often travels between major manufacturing plants, and finally shortens the manufacturing cycle to 27 months; In the world’s first demonstration project site of "Hualong No.1", the dome hoisting is the most critical link in civil engineering. The construction team finally successfully completed the "blade docking" with rich experience and excellent technology …

The confirmation of group parameters, the manufacture of sets of equipment, the binding of steel bars, the adjustment of instruments and the input of lines of codes, from the top-level scheme, overall design and preliminary design to the relevant important experimental verification, the "Hualong No.1" team overcame one difficulty after another, and it took 16 years to carry out 54 scientific research projects and develop hundreds of sets of new equipment.

"Hualong No.1" has achieved a major breakthrough in all aspects, such as calculation and analysis software, reactor core design, fuel technology, active and passive safety technology, etc. It has mastered a large number of key technologies in the fields of independent intellectual property rights covering design, fuel, equipment, construction, operation and maintenance, formed its core competitiveness, and won the initiative for the future development of nuclear power in China.

From Qinshan to Fuqing, China’s nuclear power started from "one poor and two white" in technology to independently design and build a million kilowatt nuclear power plant, and its technical level and comprehensive strength rank among the first phalanx in the world. With the spirit of self-reliance and self-improvement, people in the nuclear industry have made unremitting efforts and taken another solid step towards building a nuclear power.

The Struggle Journey of China’s Nuclear Power Technology from Relatively Backward to Advanced in the World

From the first heavy water reactor and the first cyclotron to open a new era of China’s atomic energy industry, to the successful development of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and nuclear submarines to establish a great power status; From the independent design and construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, "Hualong No.1" and other big countries’ heavy equipment, to the independent research and development of a number of advanced nuclear technologies such as medical cobalt-60 to promote the localization of high-end medical equipment, and then to the application of irradiation sterilization technology to help science and technology fight the epidemic … An overview of the development history of China’s nuclear industry is a struggle history with the primary task of meeting the national strategic needs and the strategic support of building an advanced nuclear technology industrial innovation system.

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, from Qinshan Nuclear Power Station to "Hualong No.1", China’s nuclear industry has embarked on a road of development with China characteristics. One of the important experiences is to give full play to the advantages of the new national system. Taking the super project "Hualong No.1" as an example, 17 domestic universities, scientific research institutions, 58 state-owned enterprises and more than 140 private enterprises participated in the research and development; The world’s first reactor project has driven more than 5,300 upstream and downstream enterprises, realized the localization of 411 core equipment, promoted the development of the country’s high-end major equipment manufacturing industry and related service industries, and significantly promoted the processing technology and process level of dozens of industries such as materials, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, electronics and instrument manufacturing.

The development of the nuclear industry is inseparable from talents. In Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, a large number of outstanding scientific and technological talents have emerged, represented by Ouyang Yu, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, and Ye Qiqian, an academician of China Academy of Engineering. The first batch of 35 nuclear power operators in Chinese mainland was born here, and more than 2,500 nuclear power technical backbones were exported to the whole country. After the first phase of Qinshan nuclear power plant was put into operation, when other nuclear power plants in China started construction, the first thing that came to mind was "taking important people from Qinshan".

In recent years, CNNC has attached great importance to the construction of talent team and built an innovative highland for nuclear science and technology talents. Focusing on important scientific fields and innovative directions, we will cultivate a number of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents and innovative teams with international standards; Strengthen the training of young talents through elite, leading and innovative teams, train and train a group of young scientific and technological talents, and build a high-level talent channel; Further innovate the mechanism and actively introduce high-tech talents and innovative teams.

In 2021, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station ushered in the 30th anniversary of grid-connected power generation, and the first batch of "Hualong No.1" in the world successfully achieved commercial operation. The passage of 30 years reflects the struggle journey of China’s nuclear power technology from relatively backward to advanced in the world, and highlights the spirit of innovation and hard work of nuclear power workers in the new era.

"As the national team and main force of China’s nuclear science and technology innovation, China National Nuclear Corporation will follow the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, base itself on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, further improve the advanced nuclear science and technology innovation system, focus on tackling key technologies and transforming and industrializing achievements, continue to bravely break into the’ no man’s land’ and be a pathfinder, constantly climb the peak of world nuclear science and technology, and contribute to the early realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance." Yu Jianfeng, Party Secretary and Chairman of CNNC, said.

[Editor: Wen Cun]

　　Abstract: Labor contract and labor service contract are very confusing, both of which are based on living labor, so it is difficult to distinguish them correctly in practice. But they are fundamentally different. A labor contract is an agreement between a laborer and an employer to establish a labor relationship and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties. Labor contracts can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. A labor contract in a broad sense refers to all agreements related to the provision of live labor services (i.e. labor services). The narrow sense of labor contract only refers to the general employment contract. The labor contract is developed from the employment contract. Therefore, it is of great significance to distinguish these two kinds of contracts correctly both in theory and in practice.

　　[Keywords:] labor contract, labor contract, employment contract, contract.

　　I. Labor Contract and Its Characteristics

　　Labor contract is a kind of legal system produced in social production. It originated from the employment contract in the traditional civil law. "From the employment contract to the labor contract, it is a socialized process [1]". Since the emergence of capitalist mode of production, labor contract has become an important content of legislation in various countries. First, a few industrialized countries recognized the legal effect of the labor contract in the civil law. Later, since Belgium promulgated the labor contract law in 1900, many capitalist countries have successively promulgated the labor contract law [2], and stipulated the special labor contract law in the labor law or listed the special chapter of the labor contract in the labor code, specifying the content and form of the labor contract, as well as the conditions and procedures for conclusion, modification and termination. At present, many countries in the world have legislation on labor contracts, which has been established as a legal system to adjust the relationship between workers and employers. Since 1986, China began to implement the labor contract system in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Implementation of the Labor Contract System in State-owned Enterprises.

　　So, what is a labor contract? At present, the definition of labor contract has basically reached a consensus. According to the legal definition of labor contract in Black’s Law Dictionary: "Labor contract is an agreement made between employers and employees on labor management, working conditions, wages, allowances and rewards and punishments". Some scholars in China believe that "labor contract is an agreement between workers and employers to establish labor relations and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties [3]". It is said that "a labor contract is a labor contract, which is an agreement on the rights and obligations of both parties reached through consultation between workers and employers according to law [4]". It is also said that "labor contract is a labor contract, which is an agreement reached between workers and employers on labor rights and obligations [5]". Article 16 of China’s Labor Law defines a labor contract as: "A labor contract is an agreement between a laborer and an employer to establish a labor relationship and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties". Therefore, it can be seen that the labor contract is a legal form to establish the labor relationship between workers and employers, and an important means to organize social labor, rationally allocate labor resources, stabilize labor relations, and promote the development of social productive forces. According to this agreement, workers become a member of the employer, and have the obligation to complete the production tasks and work tasks of the employer, and have the obligation to abide by labor discipline and internal rules and regulations; The employer is obliged to pay labor remuneration and provide working conditions, labor protection, insurance and welfare benefits [6].

　　It can be seen that the labor contract has its legal characteristics obviously different from the civil contract:

　　1. The subject of labor contract is specific. The main party of a labor contract must be the employer. This mainly refers to: enterprises, individual organizations, private non-enterprise units and other organizations, but also includes state organs, institutions and social organizations that sign labor contracts with workers. The other party of the subject must be the laborer himself, that is, the laborer must be over 16 years old and have certain working ability, including domestic citizens, foreigners and stateless persons.

　　2. Both parties to a labor contract are subordinate in their duties. After the conclusion of the labor contract, the laborer is recruited as a member of the employing unit, which creates personal subordination, enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations of the employees of the unit internally, and engages in the management activities of production and operation in the name of the unit externally.

　　3. The labor contract is a paid contract between both parties. In the labor contract, the laborer must provide labor for the employer, and the employer must pay remuneration for the laborer, so it is a two-service paid contract.

　　4. The main terms of the labor contract are legal. In order to stabilize social order and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, countries have stipulated the main terms of labor contracts, such as working hours, labor protection conditions, minimum wages and holidays, and the parties concerned must abide by them.

　　5, the labor contract under certain conditions, often involves the material interests of the third party [7]. This feature is determined by the characteristics of labor reproduction itself. The content of the labor contract is not limited to the provisions of the rights and obligations of the parties, but also involves the material assistance rights enjoyed by the workers’ relatives under certain conditions, such as children’s employment, housing, maternity and work-related injuries, and material assistance when they die [8].

　　Second, the labor contract and its legal characteristics

　　In practice, people usually call the process of providing live labor service labor service. There are many contracts related to labor services, besides employment, there are contracting, publishing, transportation, entrustment, brokerage, storage and warehousing [9]. The concept of labor contract is very broad, and there is no clear and unified legal definition at present. The author thinks: labor contract has broad sense and narrow sense. A labor contract in a broad sense refers to all agreements related to the provision of live labor services (i.e. labor services). It belongs to the category of civil law adjustment, and the object of the contract is labor service. Some scholars define a labor contract as: "A labor contract refers to an agreement between legal persons, citizens, and legal persons and citizens on providing labor services." The author thinks that labor contract: "it is an agreement between the two parties on the creditor’s rights and debts formed in the process of providing live labor for the other party [10]". In a narrow sense, a labor contract only refers to an employment contract, that is, a contract in which both parties agree that one party will provide labor services to the other party and the other party will pay remuneration during a certain or uncertain period [11].

　　A labor service contract in a broad sense covers a lot of contents, so long as it is a labor service contract, it can be included in this kind of contract. According to the different emphasis of labor services provided by one party to the other, labor contracts in a broad sense can be divided into two categories: one is the contract whose object is labor services, but which focuses on the labor behavior itself. Some scholars summarize the contents of this kind of labor contract as follows: entrustment, discipline, intermediation, storage, transportation (transportation), tourism, performance, employment, bank transfer settlement contract and labor contract [12]. The other is the contract whose object is labor service, but which focuses on the result of labor service behavior, that is, the contract to complete the work delivery results; The content of this kind of contract is mainly the contract, as well as the special form of construction project contract [13]. Generally speaking, labor service contracts mainly follow the traditional principles of civil law and are adjusted by civil law, and most of them have become famous contracts. The specific rights and obligations of both parties are clearly stipulated in the contracts, such as discipline, intermediary, custody, transportation, contracting, construction project contracting and so on.

　　The narrow sense of labor contract only refers to the general employment contract, which is still regulated by civil law in most countries; As for another special case of employment contract-labor contract, because of its "legal structure with personal thoughts as the background, it has become increasingly unsuitable to standardize the reality of labor contract in modern society [14]", especially since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, it has entered the era of labor contract with social progress. "The free negotiation of contract is restricted, which more embodies government intervention, and it only eliminates the non-substantive equality that is difficult to achieve in the real society, making economic power. Therefore, the labor contract law with social significance [16] is produced. In this way, today’s labor contract is no longer regulated by civil law, but by labor law [17].

　　To sum up, the labor contract has the following characteristics:

　　1, the universality and equality of the subject. The main body of labor service contract can be signed between legal persons and organizations, or between citizens and legal person organizations. Generally speaking, it is not a special limitation and has universality. At the same time, the two sides fully abide by market rules and have equal status. When signing a contract, both parties shall follow the principle of fairness in the Contract Law.

　　2. Particularity of the subject matter of the contract. The object of a labor service contract is the living labor provided by one party to the other party, that is, labor service, which is an act. Labor contract is a contract with labor as the payment target, but the target of each specific labor contract requires different emphasis on labor behavior, or focuses on labor behavior itself, that is, the process of labor behavior, such as transportation contract; Or focus on the results of labor behavior, that is, the results of labor completed by providing labor services, such as contracting contracts.

　　3. Arbitrariness of content. Unless there are mandatory provisions in the law, both parties to the contract can completely decide the content and corresponding terms of the contract with their own free will, and decide on the provision and use of labor services and the beneficiaries. The content can belong to the needs of a certain profession in production and work, and can also belong to family life. When signing a contract, both parties shall follow the voluntary principle of the Contract Law.

　　4. The contract is a bilateral contract and a mandatory contract. In a labor service contract, one party must provide labor services for the other party, and the other party must pay the corresponding labor remuneration for the party providing labor services, so the labor service contract is a two-service paid contract. Most labor service contracts are non-essential contracts, unless otherwise specified by law.

　　Three, the relationship between labor contract and labor contract, employment contract and contract.

　　1, the difference between labor contract and labor contract

　　(1) Different subject qualifications. The main body of a labor contract can only be a legal person or an organization, that is, an employer, and the other party must be an individual worker. The main body of a labor contract cannot be both natural persons. Both parties to a labor service contract can be legal persons, organizations and citizens at the same time, or citizens can be legal persons and organizations.

　　(2) The nature of the subject and its relationship are different. There is not only a property relationship, that is, an economic relationship, but also a personal relationship, that is, an administrative subordination relationship. In addition to providing labor, workers must accept the management of the employer, obey its arrangements, abide by its rules and regulations, and become internal employees of the employer. However, there is only property relationship between the two parties of the labor contract, that is, economic relationship, and there is no attribute between them. There is no administrative affiliation. Workers provide labor services and employers pay labor remuneration, which are independent and equal.

　　(3) The treatment of subjects is different. Workers in labor relations receive not only wages, but also insurance and welfare benefits. In labour relation, natural persons generally only get paid for their work.

　　(4) The principles of determining remuneration are different. In the labor contract, the employer pays labor remuneration according to the quantity and quality of labor and the relevant regulations of the state, which embodies the principle of distribution according to work, while the labor price in the labor contract is paid according to the market principle of equal value and compensation, which is completely determined by both parties through consultation.

　　(5) Employers’ obligations are different: the performance of labor contracts runs through the intervention of the state. In order to protect workers, the Labor Law imposes many obligations on employers. For example, they must pay old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance for workers, and the wages paid by employers must not be lower than the local minimum wage set by the government. These statutory obligations must not be changed through consultation. Employers of labor contracts generally do not have the above obligations. Of course, both parties may agree on the above contents, or there may be no such contents.

　　(6) The arbitrariness of the contract content is different. The main terms of a labor contract are clearly stipulated by law, and cannot be negotiated by the parties. For example, the employer should provide workers with working conditions and labor protection articles that meet the requirements of the state. However, the labor contract is freely negotiated by both parties to the contract without violating the mandatory law, which is very arbitrary.

　　(7) Different legal adjustments. Labor contracts are mainly regulated by civil law and economic law, while labor laws are regulated by labor law and labor contract law in social law.

　　(8) Different degrees of state intervention: the terms and contents of labor contracts are often stipulated by the state in mandatory legal norms. For example, the employer’s compulsory obligations and the termination of the contract, unless both parties reach an agreement through consultation, the employer must meet the conditions stipulated in the Labor Law. The labor service contract has a low degree of state intervention. Except for violating the mandatory provisions of national laws and regulations, the agreement on the content of the contract mainly depends on the autonomy of the parties, which is determined by the parties through free consultation.

　　(9) Legal liabilities of the contract: The liabilities arising from the non-performance and illegal performance of the labor contract are not only civil liabilities, but also administrative liabilities. For example, if the wages paid by the employer to the workers are lower than the local minimum wage, the labor administrative department shall make up the wages below the standard within a time limit, and if it refuses to pay, the labor administrative department may also give the employer a warning and other administrative sanctions. The responsibilities arising from labor contracts are only civil responsibilities-breach of contract and tort liability, and there is no administrative responsibility.

　　(10) Disputes are handled in different ways. After a labor contract dispute occurs, it should be submitted to the labor arbitration committee of the labor organ for arbitration first, and those who refuse to accept it can only bring a lawsuit in the people’s court within the statutory period. Labor arbitration is the pre-procedure; However, disputes over labor contracts can be litigated or settled through consultation between both parties.

　　2, the difference between labor contract and employment contract.

　　The labor contract developed from the employment contract, which is not much different in essence, but very similar. Labor relations are the social labor relations between workers and their units in the process of realizing social labor, and the objects of standardization are the proposal and acceptance of labor services. However, under the circumstances that China’s actual population is large and employment cannot be fully realized, the norms, adjustments and legal consequences of the two contracts are completely different. The main difference is [18]:

　　(1) The history of the two is different. The employment contract has a long history. Since the existence of slave social exploitation, there has been an employment relationship in human labor relations, and with the need of labor exchange, the employment contract has gradually emerged. The labor contract was developed on the basis of the employment contract in the 17th century when the capitalist commodity economy was relatively developed.

　　(2) Different in nature. An employment contract is a contract in which the employee provides services for the employer; A labor contract is a labor contract that determines the labor relationship between the employer and the employee.

　　(3) the purpose is different. The purpose of an employment contract is to supply labor services, which is centered on the employer’s "ownership" of the laborer and the "domination" of the laborer, while the labor contract is centered on the laborer who provides labor services [19], aiming at the laborer becoming an internal member of the employer.

　　(4) The degree of state intervention is different. The employment contract is more about the mutual agreement of the parties and the result of the parties’ consensus, and the degree of state intervention is less; However, the labor contract more embodies the state’s intervention in the contract between the parties, and makes special provisions on the procedures for concluding the contract, the obligations of the employer, working conditions, labor protection, minimum wage, termination of the contract, etc., mainly focusing on the special protection of workers.

　　(5) The subject and its relationship are different. In a labor contract, one party is a laborer and the other party is an employer, both of which belong to legal persons or social organizations, and their scope of application is limited to the employment of the unit. After becoming an internal member of the employer, the employee must undertake certain types of work or duties, and there is a "special subordinate relationship" between the employee and the employer, and the employee’s work must be "subordinate to the employer [20]". The employment contract can be that one party is a citizen and the other party is a unit, or both parties are citizens, and the employee does not become a member of the employer. Employment provides a wide range of services, and all services adjusted by law can be applied to employment contracts.

　　(6) Different legal adjustments. The labor contract is regulated by the labor law and the labor contract law; Employment contract should belong to civil law adjustment. At present, China’s contract law has not made clear provisions on it, and it is governed by the general principles of civil law and contract law.

　　(7) The procedures for handling disputes are different. When there is a dispute over a labor contract, the judicial organ can only intervene after the arbitration pre-procedure. The dispute should be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law, and the arbitration institution or court can judge the employer to continue to perform the labor contract. Similarly, the termination of the contract should follow certain legal procedures. When there is a dispute over the employment contract, the court can directly accept it and apply the provisions of the civil law; There is no special procedure for dissolution, and both parties can dissolve the employment relationship at any time.

　　3, the difference between labor contract and contract.

　　A contract is a contract in which the contractor completes the work, delivers the work and delivers the work results according to the requirements of the customizer, and the customizer pays the remuneration [21].

　　Labor contract and contract are both contracts aimed at providing services, but there are essential differences [22]:

　　(1) the purpose of a labor contract is to provide labor services, and its object lies in the labor itself; Contract is the completion of a certain work, although it involves labor, but its purpose is not labor itself, but labor results, and labor itself is only a means to obtain its results.

　　(2) in the labor contract, regardless of whether the labor has any results, you can get paid; If the contract is fruitless, you can’t get paid.

　　(3) In the labor contract, the laborer needs to obey the arrangement of the other party when providing labor services, and his work has some subordination; In the contract, the contractor’s work is independent.

　　(4) In the labor contract, when the laborer infringes upon the rights of others due to the performance of his duties, his responsibility is usually borne by the unit first. If the laborer is at fault, he will bear the responsibility according to the size of his fault; However, the contractor’s liability for damages caused by tort in the process of contracting is usually borne by the direct contractor.

　　(5) The labor contract reflects the contractual relationship between the employer and the employee, which takes labor remuneration and labor welfare as the core; The contract reflects the contractual relationship between two equal civil subjects, one of which provides the other with work results.

　　4, the difference between the employment contract and the contract.

　　The employment contract and the contracting contract both take labor as the payment object [23]. But there are obvious differences between them, mainly in the following aspects:

　　(1) Pay attention to different services. In the employment contract, the employee only works for a certain purpose, that is, taking the labor service orally for a certain period of time, focusing on the process of labor service payment; The contract is the result that the contractor needs to pay for certain services, and the result of service, that is, the transfer of ownership of work results, is the main content of the contract, and there is an inseparable relationship between labor payment and work results, focusing on labor payment.

　　(2) When signing the contract, both parties have different starting points. In employment contracts, employers generally choose employees based on whether their labor skills are suitable for their own requirements, and employees conclude employment contracts based on whether their labor remuneration meets their own requirements; In the contract, the ordering party selects the contractor on the basis of the contractor’s skills, production equipment or production scale, reputation and other conditions, while the contractor concludes the contract on the basis of whether his own skills or existing conditions can complete the work and obtain benefits.

　　(3) in the employment contract, the employee’s labor payment is a kind of "subordinate labor", including economic and personality subordination. The employee has no independent choice on how to arrange the work, and the employer can interfere with the employee’s work at any time; The contractor’s labor service payment is "independent labor", and the ordering party and the contractor have equal status from beginning to end. The contractor has complete autonomy in how to arrange the work, and the ordering party has no right to interfere.

　　(4) The determination of remuneration is different from payment. In the employment relationship, the determination of remuneration is based on the price of market labor combined with the corresponding industry standards. Once the remuneration is determined, employees can generally obtain a stable amount of remuneration for a long time, and there is no risk of loss; The labor remuneration of the contract is determined based on its own skills or production scale, the price of raw materials, etc. Moreover, the contractor has to bear the risk of potential losses. At the same time, generally speaking, the employee’s salary under an employment contract is hourly wage, and the contractor’s remuneration is piecework remuneration. The employment contract is based on the principle of the existence of a certain period of time, while the contract is based on the one-time payment.

　　(5) Whether contractual obligations can be transferred is different. The subject matter of liabilities in the principle of employment contract is the type contract; Employees under employment contracts can transfer their labor obligations to others; The contract is a specific labor service, and the contractor may not entrust the contracted work to a third person for completion.

　　(6) Different risk burdens. In the employment contract, the employer shall be responsible for the risks arising from the employee’s completion of the work, such as the loss caused by the employee’s injury, the damage to others, and the work that does not meet the quality requirements. In the contract of contract, the contractor shall bear the risk liability, unless it is caused by the employee’s intention or gross negligence, and the ordering party is not involved.

　　(7) Whether you can enjoy the right of disposition is different. Although the employer of an employment contract bears the risk of loss for his employees’ work mistakes, he enjoys certain punishment rights for employees, such as deducting certain bonuses, wages, warnings, admonitions, etc. When employees are punished, they generally cannot be relieved through judicial procedures; The ordering party of the contract has no right to dispose of the contractor, if the quality is unqualified. In case of delayed delivery, the ordering party can only investigate the contractor’s liability for breach of contract according to the provisions of the contract. If no agreement can be reached, it can be settled through arbitration or litigation.

　　IV. Concluding remarks

　　Through the analysis of the essential characteristics of labor contract and labor contract, we basically have a more comprehensive understanding of them, especially through the comparison between labor contract and labor contract, employment contract and contract, and distinguish the differences between labor contract and labor contract more clearly, which is of great practical significance for the correct application of law in handling disputes in the judiciary.

　　Notes:

　　[1] Huang Yueqin: "New Theory of Labor Law", China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 2003, p. 133.

　　[2] Dictionary of Law: edited by Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Law Press, December 2002, p. 840.

　　[3] Guo Jie waiting: "Labor Law", China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 1998, p. 114.

　　[4] Li Jingsen, Jia Junling: "Labor Law", Peking University Publishing House, January 2002 edition, p. 68.

　　[5] edited by Tang Shulao and Si Longsheng: A Complete Book of Labor Law Practice, China Workers Publishing House, 1994, p. 342.

　　[6] Same as [3].

　　[7] edited by Tang Shulao and Si Longsheng: A Complete Book of Labor Law Practice, China Workers Publishing House, 1994, p. 344.

　　[8] Guo Jie et al. Labor Law: China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 1998, p. 115.

　　[9] Peng Wanlin: Civil Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, July 1996, p. 13.

　　[10]’ Dictionary of Law’: Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Law Press, December 2002, p. 847.

　　[11] Zhang Junhao: Civil Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, March 1998, p. 753.

　　[12] Kou Zhixin: Civil Law, Shaanxi People’s Publishing House, 1998, p. 791-844.

　　[13] Same as [12].

　　[14] Huang yueqin: "new theory of labor law", China university of political science and law press, April 2003 edition, p. 86.

　　[15] Same as [11].

　　[16] Same as [1].

　　[17] Shi Shangkuan: On Debt Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, 2000, p. 294.

　　[18] Kou Zhixin: "Civil Law", Shaanxi People’s Publishing House, 1998, p. 833.

　　[19] Huang yueqin: "new theory of labor law", China university of political science and law press, April 2003 edition, p. 33.

　　[20] Same as 1.

　　[21] Li Guoguang: Interpretation and Application of Contract Law (Volume II), Xinhua Publishing House, 1999, p. 1195.

　　[22] Li Guoguang: Interpretation and Application of Contract Law (Volume II), Xinhua Publishing House, 1999, pp. 1197-1198.

　　[23] with [1]

　　Author: People’s Court of Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continues to issue a typhoon blue warning. It is expected that the 14th typhoon Capricorn will land in Zhejiang this night, and there will be heavy rainfall in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places.

　　　　　　 According to the monitoring of the Central Meteorological Observatory, Typhoon Capricorn on the 14th this year is about 455 kilometers southeast of Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province at 12 noon, and the maximum wind force near the center is 9. It is expected that Capricorn will continue to move to the northwest, and its intensity will be strengthened. It will land in the coastal area from Ruian to Xiangshan in Zhejiang Province this night.

　　　　　　 Zhang Ling, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory: "Then it is estimated that the landing intensity is at tropical storm level or strong tropical storm level, that is, the intensity of 9 to 10. After landing, it will continue to move to the northwest, and the intensity will gradually weaken."

　　　　　　 Influenced by Typhoon Capricorn, there will be strong winds in the East China Sea and East China coastal areas today and tomorrow. The winds in the nearby sea areas or areas where Capricorn center passes are 10, and gusts can reach 11-12. The Central Meteorological Observatory continues to issue typhoon blue warnings.

　　　　　　 Under the influence of Capricorn, precipitation will mainly occur on the 12th to 14th, and the affected precipitation intervals are mainly in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan, including the western part of Shandong, where there will be heavy rains one after another, so there will be heavy rains to heavy rains in some areas.

　　　　　　 In addition, the center of the tropical depression in the South China Sea is still hovering in the offshore of western Guangdong, with a slight increase in intensity, which may strengthen into a typhoon within 24 hours, and will turn to the west after the 14th. The tropical depression in the South China Sea has brought heavy rainfall to the coast of South China for several days. Yesterday, there were heavy rains or heavy rains in southwestern Guangdong and northern Hainan Island, and heavy rains fell in Yangjiang, Maoming and Zhuhai in Guangdong.

　　　　　　 In the next three days, the tropical depression in the South China Sea will bring continuous heavy rain to the southern part of South China, and some areas may also have heavy rain to heavy rain. Because the rainfall in these places may last from the 11th to the 15th, this long-term heavy precipitation will increase the possibility of landslides and mudslides, so it is necessary to take special precautions against the adverse effects of some secondary disasters.

　　　　　　 In addition, Typhoon Lipi, the 15th this year, was generated on the northwest Pacific Ocean on the evening of August 11th. It is predicted that Lipi will move to the northwest, and it will have no impact on China’s waters in the next three days.

The 2018 North American opening year’s word-of-mouth masterpiece, directed by Alex Garland and starring Natalie Portman and jennifer jason leigh, will be released nationwide on April 13th. Today, the film exposed the "warning version" preview poster, reminding the audience to pay attention to the restricted content, which also received unanimous praise from both inside and outside the industry.

"Annihilation" is adapted from "The Lost South: Annihilation", the best novel in the "Xingyun Award". The story begins with an "X area" that inexplicably appeared in American territory three years ago. Kane (oscar isaac), a former exploration team member, produced a series of strange physiological reactions after returning from the "X area". In order to investigate this matter, Lena (Natalie Portman), a biologist’s wife, together with four other female scientists, formed the 12th expedition team to go deep into the "X area".

Female scientists have been dangerously upgraded by continuous mutation.

In the "Warning Edition" notice released this time, giant creatures such as crocodiles and brown bears mutated in the "X area" appeared one after another, and the breath was fierce, and the rhythm was compact and breathtaking. On the other hand, the characters are suspicious of each other and the friction escalates gradually. Natalie swept the gun under the crisis and played the ultimate game with invisible extraterrestrial life. The moment when her eyes changed color, it triggered various speculations about "whether Lena is still her original at this time."

In the "Warning Edition" poster released at the same time as the trailer, the distinctive R-level logo under the "X Area" totem made a warm reminder to the audience that "minors under 17 need to be accompanied by guardians".

"Promotion Law" gets a positive response first, caring tips to protect underage audiences.

As early as before Tomb-Sweeping Day, the publisher China Film Co., Ltd. issued a notice. The notice reminded cinemas and cinema companies that according to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Film Industry and related regulations, the "Annihilation" should be marked in a prominent position at all ticket outlets, including the e-commerce platform: "Primary school students and preschool children should watch with their parents." "Annihilation" has also become another imported film that was asked to be marked with a movie reminder.

The "Notice" supported by the "Promotion Law" came first, and the "Warning Edition" materials officially released by Annihilation actively prompted the restricted content in the film on the basis of positive response to laws and regulations. This move is regarded as an important progress to promote the benign development of China film industry both inside and outside the industry: marking movie-watching tips is conducive to protecting underage audiences and establishing a green and healthy movie-watching environment.

　　On February 22nd, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security held a press conference to introduce the progress of human resources and social security in 2021.

　　Xie Yuan, deputy director of the Ethics Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that from 2018 to 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security deployed and implemented a three-year special campaign for ethics construction in the whole system, vigorously promoted the "clearing matters, reducing materials and pressing time limits" in the field of human resources and social security, and implemented two actions in depth, one was the quick action of human resources and social security services, and the other was the innovation and promotion action of information-based convenience services for human resources and social security, and comprehensively implemented the system of informing and promising proof matters and extensively carried out human resources and social security. This year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will, on the basis of consolidating the achievements already made, organize and implement actions to improve the work style, further highlight the problem orientation and effect orientation, pay more attention to the needs of the enterprise masses, take more targeted measures to continuously optimize the human and social services, and continuously enhance the sense of acquisition of the enterprise masses, focusing on four new measures:

　　First, based on letting the masses of enterprises know the policies at the first time, establish and improve the direct mechanism of policy measures. Letting the enterprise people know the policy is the key link to implement the policy. Starting from this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will establish and improve the working mechanism of policies and measures directly reaching the masses of enterprises and grassroots units. For policies and measures that are closely related to the masses of enterprises, we will strive to be able to enter the enterprise, the community, the school and the hall in the first time after the introduction, and let the masses of enterprises know it in the first time, that is, the policy is introduced with "four advances and two understandings", which effectively reduces the situation that the masses of enterprises delay or miss enjoying the policy because of information asymmetry. At the same time, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will continue to strengthen the interpretation of the "understandable and clear" policy treatment of human society, and help the enterprise people better understand the policy with easy-to-understand language, grounded language and more flexible and diverse ways.

　　The second is to deepen the integration reform of "one thing" based on letting the masses of enterprises apply for multi-event joint office. In 2020 and 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security implemented the "Quick Action for People’s Social Services" for two consecutive years, and promoted 10 "one thing" packages such as enterprise start-up, enterprise recruitment, unemployment and retirement at 272 contact points. At present, the phased tasks have been completed. The masses of enterprises only need to go to a window or a platform to handle one thing in the human society department, and submit a set of materials to handle it. This year, we will continue to improve the online and offline processing channels, promote the packaging of 10 "one thing" in all cities, and at the same time, we will explore the introduction of more "one thing" in the eyes of enterprises, so as to achieve more integration of packaging matters, more streamlined certification materials, more standardized service processes, more optimized window platforms, and clearer work instructions. We will continue to strengthen communication and cooperation with relevant departments, and take the lead or cooperate with them to do a good job in cross-departmental integration of "one thing".

　　The third is to create a number of "model rooms" for high-quality services based on making the masses of enterprises do things faster and experience better. In 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security carried out pilot work on the standardization of basic public services in the field of human society in seven provinces including Jilin, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan and Chongqing. This year, seven provinces will be guided to take the pilot project as an opportunity to coordinate the needs of the masses of enterprises to do things in a packaged way, speed up, simplify and cross-provincial way, speed up the formulation of a number of advanced and exemplary local standard systems in terms of work procedures, work guidelines, service places, service norms, risk prevention and control, and launch a number of matters that are handled without application, handled on a full-time basis, uncertified and speeded up again, so as to make services better and more efficient. In addition to these seven pilot provinces, more places will be encouraged to actively explore and launch more models of high-quality social services.

　　Fourth, it is based on making the masses of enterprises nearby and doing more, and creating a service circle for people, society and convenience. People’s social services have a wide range, many matters and high frequency, and the demand of enterprises for "doing things nearby and doing more things" is more urgent. To this end, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security insists on grasping both hands, grasping the construction of the window of the Good Society itself, and constantly providing quality services to the masses; Grasp the expansion of service outlets and extend the reach of human society services to the masses of enterprises. This year, we will further rationally expand service outlets such as banks, postal services, supply and marketing cooperatives and grassroots platforms, promote the sinking of high-frequency services such as social security cards, insurance registration and unemployment registration, and continuously extend the reach of human and social services. At the same time, these outlets will also be included in the electronic map of government services of people’s society under construction, and dynamic adjustments will be made in time to ensure that offline locations can be found accurately and nearby, and online websites can be easily linked. For special groups such as the elderly, services such as green channel, full-time agency and appointment processing will also be fully implemented. For groups with limited mobility, we will actively provide on-site services by relying on grassroots agencies. Before the end of this year, efforts should be made to build a people’s social convenience service circle with a 15-minute walk in urban areas and a 5-kilometer radiation in rural areas.

　　Recently, Chongqing and other places have suffered from heavy rainfall, and some rivers have flooded beyond the police, causing geological disasters such as flash floods and mudslides.

　　At present, the whole country is about to enter the critical period of flood control, and seven river basins will enter the main flood season in an all-round way. The Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and Songliao River basins are at risk of flood disasters, and the flood control situation is grim. All localities and departments have great pressure on flood control and flood resistance. We should pay close attention to the development of rain and flood conditions, make comprehensive preparations for flood control and flood resistance, continuously improve the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and ensure safe flood control and foolproof.

　　To do a good job in flood control and disaster relief, we must always put the safety of people’s lives and property first. All localities and departments should always tighten the string of preventing major floods, grabbing major risks and saving major disasters, and cannot relax at all. Past experience shows that leading cadres at all levels should take the lead, command from the front, proceed from the interests of the people in thought and action, "run" before the flood and "think" before the disaster, and implement responsibility and interlocking measures layer by layer, grasping the common, the detailed and the long, so as to minimize losses.

　　To do a good job in flood control and disaster relief, we must take precautions and prevent problems before they happen. The first priority of flood control and disaster relief lies in "prevention", which is unpredictable, unpredictable, ineffective and lax. China has a vast geography and complicated geological conditions. This requires that we should not only rely on experience to do a good job in flood control and disaster relief, but also scientifically adapt to changes and take the initiative to make use of scientific strength to fight the flood control initiative. From strengthening forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and pre-planning, to using digital and intelligent means to enhance the ability of risk prevention and control & HELIP; … All localities and departments should pay close attention to key areas and key links, adhere to the bottom line thinking with the sense of responsibility of "always worrying", and prefer to be prepared without flood, rather than "ten precautions and nine empty" than "nothing at all". Facts have proved that the more detailed and comprehensive the preparation, the more calm the flood comes, and the more determined the measures can be to deal with the uncertainty of the flood.

　　To do a good job in flood control and disaster relief, we must ensure that all measures are implemented in detail. Flood control and disaster relief is a major event, which is composed of monitoring and early warning, reservoir investigation, emergency rescue, personnel dispatch, post-disaster reconstruction and many other details. All localities should highlight the problem orientation and result orientation, adhere to the principle of being strict and meticulous, and ensure that all measures are implemented at the end. On the one hand, relevant departments should strengthen overall planning and coordination, strengthen consultation and judgment, do a good job in monitoring and early warning, strengthen rain and water forecasting and early warning, and accurately guide key areas to do disaster prevention work such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, dangers in small and medium-sized reservoirs and urban waterlogging. On the other hand, highlight the key points of defense and conduct a major investigation of hidden dangers. Strengthen the safety inspection of dikes, reservoirs and dangerous areas of geological disasters caused by mountain torrents, formulate plans in time, do a good job in personnel avoidance, and do a good job in the transfer and evacuation of people in dangerous areas such as low-lying areas along the river, flood storage and detention areas, and key dikes in advance to ensure that they should turn early, leaving no one behind and no one missing.

　　To do a good job in flood control and disaster relief, we must guard against secondary disasters and prevent them from returning to poverty due to disasters and "a major epidemic after a major disaster." All localities and departments should properly resettle the lives of the affected people, increase the investment of disaster relief funds and materials, and ensure the service guarantee of centralized resettlement sites to ensure that the affected people eat hot meals, drink clean water, have safe shelter and medical security. Party member cadres should give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, unite and lead the affected people to actively carry out production self-help, restore production and living order as soon as possible, and strive to win a comprehensive victory in flood control and disaster relief work.

　　Flood control and disaster relief work is related to people’s safety, social stability and overall development. It is a big war and a big test. Let’s unite as one, guard against death and unite as one, and we will surely win this tough battle, protect the rivers and An Lan, and keep the people safe.