At 9: 00 on June 23, with the Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharging at a flow rate of 2,600 cubic meters per second, it marked the official start of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation in 2025.

　　On July 1st, the Yellow River will officially enter the main flood season. According to the regulations, the water level of the relevant reservoirs should be reduced to the flood limit level to make room for flood control. According to the principle of safety, controllability and overall consideration, combined with the requirements of drought resistance in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and flood prevention in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and firmly grasping the "bull’s nose" of regulating the relationship between water and sediment, the Yellow River Water Resources Commission decided to start the implementation of water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River in 2025 by jointly dispatching Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs from June 23, so as to scientifically regulate the relationship between water and sediment.

　　According to the inflow of water from the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the water storage situation of the reservoir, in order to enhance the follow-up power of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir, give full play to the water storage benefits above the limited water level of the reservoir in flood season, and minimize the impact on aquatic organisms and their habitats, this water and sediment regulation will last for about 17 days in combination with years of practical experience in water and sediment regulation, and comprehensively consider the objectives of drought resistance, irrigation and supply protection, reservoir dredging for flood season, river siltation reduction, and estuary ecological water replenishment. During the period, the joint dispatching mode of Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs, with cameras of Luhun, Guxian and Hekoucun reservoirs as the tributaries, was adopted, and the maximum discharge of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was controlled at Huayuankou Hydrological Station of about 4,600 cubic meters per second. Considering the sediment discharge and siltation reduction of the reservoir and the aquatic organisms and their habitat ecology in the downstream river, the peak sediment concentration at Huayuankou Hydrological Station should be controlled not to exceed 359 kg/m3.

　　Since the beginning of this year, faced with the grim situation of drought in many provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin, the Yellow River Committee has thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on flood control and drought relief, conscientiously implemented the work deployment of the Ministry of Water Resources, made drought relief and irrigation and supply the first priority, paid close attention to the development of drought in the basin, scientifically dispatched key reservoirs in the basin, and accurately matched the domestic water demand of urban and rural areas in the basin with the irrigation demand of irrigation areas. It has launched emergency response five times, with a total water supply of 13.5 billion cubic meters, providing a strong water resource guarantee for ensuring water supply security and food security

　　Regulating water and sediment in the Yellow River is one of the important means to adjust the relationship between water and sediment in the Yellow River. Since 2002, on the basis of a lot of scientific research and experiments, the Yellow River Committee has seized the possible opportunity to continuously carry out water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River. The Yellow River water and sediment regulation will strive to achieve a win-win goal: to meet the needs of downstream irrigation and supply, and to ensure the safety of drought-resistant water use in the later period; Maintain the middle water channel in the lower reaches of the Yellow River; Realize the sediment discharge and siltation reduction of the reservoir, optimize the siltation form of the reservoir, and minimize the impact on aquatic organisms and their habitats; Implementing ecological regulation of the Yellow River and ecological water replenishment in the delta; Further explore the law of sediment transport in reservoirs, downstream rivers and estuaries.

　　The Yellow River water and sediment transfer has a large flow and a long duration. The Yellow River Committee attached great importance to it, strengthened organization and leadership, scientifically formulated plans, and made arrangements in advance. On June 15th, it sent advance notices to the management units of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, the River Affairs Bureau, the Sanmenxia reservoir area, and the relevant reservoirs and power grid management units to inform the relevant situation, and to the organization and leadership, hydrological monitoring and forecasting, reservoir operation, risk investigation and emergency rescue, and wading safety.

　　During the Yellow River water and sediment transfer period, the Yellow River Committee will pay close attention to the weather situation changes, timely analyze the water and rain conditions, strengthen emergency duty and flood control consultation, strengthen real-time reservoir dispatching, strengthen project inspection and defense, ensure the smooth progress of water and sediment transfer, and ensure the safety of personnel and projects.

"Social cattle" and "social fear", as hot words on the Internet, often appear in contemporary topics. The "social cow" is able to perform with ease on any occasion, without stage fright, even when facing strangers. Social fear is the opposite. In the eyes of social fears, social cattle are even a little ashamed of strangers’ self-familiarity. In fact, being a "social cow" is psychologically healthier. According to the latest research published in the international academic journal Social Psychology and Personality Science, greeting strangers more often can greatly improve happiness.

01

"Social cattle" have a high level of mental and physical health.

In the internet age, the distance between people is getting farther and farther, and mobile phones and computers have become the main tools for modern people to socialize. Whether walking, taking a bus, staying at home for leisure or having dinner, we can’t take our eyes off our mobile phones. Even with family and friends around, we still lack interactive communication. People’s spiritual world has become isolated and loneliness is everywhere.

The American Public Health Bureau issued a research report, pointing out that "loneliness" or "social isolation" is a public health epidemic. Social isolation means that there are few social relations or social interactions objectively. Loneliness is a subjective internal state.

The study mentioned at the beginning of the article found that the more people like to chat with strangers, the higher their satisfaction with life. Researchers say that short-term communication, greetings and thanks can increase people’s sense of belonging, thus improving happiness. "A sense of belonging means that a person feels accepted and valued by others, and is usually regarded as a basic human need," said Asijir, a professor at Sabanci University, who is in charge of the study. The British "End Loneliness Campaign" said that greeting strangers helps people build a sense of belonging. "The cost is very low, but the value is high."

"Social cattle" live longer. According to the data of longitudinal health and longevity survey in China published by scholars in West China Hospital, the elderly participate in social activities, especially socializing every day, and live longer. The study found that the elderly who participated in social activities more frequently lived longer than those who never participated in social activities. Researchers believe that frequent going out to participate in social activities may encourage individuals to maintain healthier life behaviors and abandon some unhealthy habits, such as less activity and long sedentary time, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

The benefits of "social cattle" go far beyond longevity, and their brains tend to be younger. The research published in Neurology found that more contact with society is more related to the brain capacity related to overall and cognitive function, that is, the probability of "social cattle" suffering from dementia and depression in their later years is naturally lower. Old people who are willing to participate in social activities have a healthier psychology, have a lower risk of depression, and the atrophy of related brain areas has naturally improved.

02

Socialization is as important to life as food and water.

Social contact is the basic need of human beings, which is as vital to life as food, water and shelter.

According to a research report released by the American Public Health Bureau, loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of premature death by 26% and 29% respectively, which is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Loneliness is more common than other health problems such as smoking, diabetes and obesity, which will increase the risk of heart disease by 29% and stroke by 32%, lead to the risk of depression/anxiety and dementia, and increase the susceptibility to viruses and respiratory diseases.

An analysis of 90 prospective cohort studies involving more than 2.2 million people in the world published by scholars of Harbin Medical University in the sub-journal Nature shows that lonely or socially isolated people have a high risk of death. The author believes that people who are socially isolated or lonely are less likely to eat healthily and exercise regularly, and more likely to smoke and drink. In addition, socially isolated people are less likely to get medical care because their social networks are smaller.

A study by Jiujiang scholars in Jiangxi shows that living alone or living alone continuously will increase the risk of hypertension. Studies have shown that the risk of hypertension in elderly people living alone increases by 19% compared with those living with their families.

An analysis of 3.4 million people also shows that loneliness, social isolation and living alone are all related to the increased risk of premature death, which is equivalent to obesity and smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

03

It is often happier to keep interacting with others and use mobile phones less.

So how do we get rid of loneliness? The research report of the American Public Health Bureau suggests: maintain continuous, frequent and high-quality interaction with others, invest time in cultivating interpersonal relationships, and take time out to contact friends or family every day; Join social and community groups, such as fitness, hobbies, professional and community service organizations, to cultivate a sense of belonging, meaning and purpose; Reduce behaviors that lead to disconnection from others, including harmful and excessive use of social media, reducing screen time, etc.

More contact between relatives and friends can reduce the risk of death. A research paper from the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom pointed out that less contact between relatives and friends will increase the risk of death. Less social interaction has a strong correlation with the increase of mortality, among which the frequency of visits by friends and family has the greatest influence, and the risk of death of volunteers who have never been visited by friends or family has increased by 39%. Surprisingly, even people who don’t live alone, if their friends or family never visit, their risk of death will increase by 25%. Even participating in group activities every week can’t alleviate these effects. This may be related to the quality of interpersonal relationships. For example, although some participants live with others, their relationships are not good. In this case, regular visits from relatives and friends are very important.

More parties, longer life "BMC Medicine" published a research article on social connection online, and the researchers found that the death risk of people who can’t often find someone to talk to is 39% higher than that of people with normal social connection. Regular gatherings and maintaining social connections have a positive impact on overall health.

Playing cards properly can prevent depression. A study conducted by scholars from Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology shows that playing cards is good for middle-aged and elderly people and helps them stay away from depression.

Social activities such as playing chess can prevent Alzheimer’s disease. An Australian study found that for the elderly aged 70 and over who are generally healthy and have no obvious cognitive impairment, actively participating in activities such as playing games, playing cards and playing chess may help reduce the risk of dementia.

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Reporter || Yan Sheng

Original title: "Loneliness is a social epidemic | Being a" social cow "can enhance happiness"

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　　Garbage is called "misplaced resources". How to put these resources back in place? The experience of various countries shows that sorting garbage from the source can help to recycle resources to the maximum extent, solve the "besieged city" of garbage and promote sustainable development.

　　America: Classification brings transformation.

　　When it comes to new york, it is difficult to associate this attractive international metropolis with a garbage city with sewage and stinking air. In fact, before the end of 19th century, new york was one of the dirtiest cities in the world. At that time, the streets of new york were littered with garbage, mosquitoes and flies danced wildly, and the foul smell made many residents never dare to open the window. Poor sanitary conditions became a hotbed of various diseases.

　　It was not until the appearance of health engineer George Welling that new york saw hope. In 1895, as the street sanitation commander, Wei Lin established the first garbage recycling and sorting system in new york history, put forward a series of regulations and specific measures for producing soap and agricultural fertilizer from food waste, and called on the whole people to pick up brooms to clean the streets.

　　Thanks to the joint efforts of the whole people, new york has gradually got rid of the dirty environment and established a more systematic and perfect method of garbage sorting and recycling. According to the latest law in 1989, new york residents must sort their garbage before they throw it away. Recyclable garbage is divided into two categories, paper and cardboard are one category, and metal, glass and plastic products are another category, which must be put into garbage bins of different colors respectively.

　　In recent years, new york has been exploring more detailed waste sorting methods, trying to recycle food waste separately and use it for biogas power generation and composting. The local government believes that increasing garbage recycling will not only help to purify the environment, but also save a lot of government expenses.

　　Japan: Close to the Extreme Classification

　　As a densely populated city, Tokyo, Japan, was once plagued by garbage siege and environmental pollution. At the end of 1970, the Japanese parliament completely revised the Cleaning Law and enacted the Waste Disposal Law to curb waste discharge and properly classify, keep, collect, transport, regenerate and dispose of waste.

　　With the long-term efforts of all walks of life, the urban environment in Tokyo has been greatly improved, and the garbage classification has become more detailed and complicated. Combustible garbage, noncombustible garbage, kitchen waste, metal garbage and plastic garbage … … The fine classification makes it not so simple to throw garbage.

　　For example, a cigarette box needs to be discarded in three categories: the plastic film wrapped outside is plastic garbage, the box is combustible garbage, and the aluminum foil at the seal is metal garbage.

　　Many garbage collection points can be seen in the streets and residential areas of Tokyo. These collection points are all posted with delivery instructions, which introduce the classification method and collection time of garbage in the form of pictures and texts, such as when to discard what garbage seven days a week. If you miss the specified time, you can only wait until the next collection day to lose it. If you want to throw away large pieces of garbage such as bicycles and wardrobes, you need to apply by phone in advance and buy treatment vouchers. The price of each piece ranges from several hundred yen to thousands of yen. If you throw away garbage at random, you will be fined or even imprisoned.

　　Germany: the details are constantly optimized

　　In Germany, domestic waste is roughly divided into non-recyclable waste, packaging waste, paper waste, biological waste, electronic waste, glass waste and so on, and their destination is trash cans with different colors.

　　Germany also promotes the recycling of beverage bottles by setting a deposit. For example, a 1.5-liter bottle of ordinary mineral water costs 0.19 euros, but an additional deposit of 0.25 euros is required for plastic bottles filled with water. You can only get the deposit back after the bottle is returned by the bottle collector in the supermarket.

　　With the participation of families, schools and other sectors of society, German children learn the method of garbage classification from an early age and take it as a natural thing. The waste treatment plant will also let people know more about waste sorting and its importance by organizing visits.

　　Garbage sorting and recycling has also spawned new business models, such as garbage management companies. Different kinds of garbage have different disposal fees. If recyclable garbage such as plastic packaging and paper products is put into a bucket of non-recyclable garbage, higher disposal fees will be paid. Garbage management companies can help people reduce the cost of garbage disposal as much as possible.

　　For example, entrusted by the community manager, the staff of the garbage management company will go to the community every three to five times to reclassify some misclassified garbage, and provide regular consultation activities to popularize the knowledge of garbage recycling to residents and help people classify garbage more accurately. Although residents have to pay part of the expenses of the management company, with the sharp reduction of garbage disposal fees, residents have not only saved money, but also contributed to environmental protection.