Summary： Garbage classification makes ＂misplaced resources＂ return to their place.

　　Garbage is called "misplaced resources". How to put these resources back in place? The experience of various countries shows that sorting garbage from the source can help to recycle resources to the maximum extent, solve the "besieged city" of garbage and promote sustainable development.

　　America: Classification brings transformation.

　　When it comes to new york, it is difficult to associate this attractive international metropolis with a garbage city with sewage and stinking air. In fact, before the end of 19th century, new york was one of the dirtiest cities in the world. At that time, the streets of new york were littered with garbage, mosquitoes and flies danced wildly, and the foul smell made many residents never dare to open the window. Poor sanitary conditions became a hotbed of various diseases.

　　It was not until the appearance of health engineer George Welling that new york saw hope. In 1895, as the street sanitation commander, Wei Lin established the first garbage recycling and sorting system in new york history, put forward a series of regulations and specific measures for producing soap and agricultural fertilizer from food waste, and called on the whole people to pick up brooms to clean the streets.

　　Thanks to the joint efforts of the whole people, new york has gradually got rid of the dirty environment and established a more systematic and perfect method of garbage sorting and recycling. According to the latest law in 1989, new york residents must sort their garbage before they throw it away. Recyclable garbage is divided into two categories, paper and cardboard are one category, and metal, glass and plastic products are another category, which must be put into garbage bins of different colors respectively.

　　In recent years, new york has been exploring more detailed waste sorting methods, trying to recycle food waste separately and use it for biogas power generation and composting. The local government believes that increasing garbage recycling will not only help to purify the environment, but also save a lot of government expenses.

　　Japan: Close to the Extreme Classification

　　As a densely populated city, Tokyo, Japan, was once plagued by garbage siege and environmental pollution. At the end of 1970, the Japanese parliament completely revised the Cleaning Law and enacted the Waste Disposal Law to curb waste discharge and properly classify, keep, collect, transport, regenerate and dispose of waste.

　　With the long-term efforts of all walks of life, the urban environment in Tokyo has been greatly improved, and the garbage classification has become more detailed and complicated. Combustible garbage, noncombustible garbage, kitchen waste, metal garbage and plastic garbage … … The fine classification makes it not so simple to throw garbage.

　　For example, a cigarette box needs to be discarded in three categories: the plastic film wrapped outside is plastic garbage, the box is combustible garbage, and the aluminum foil at the seal is metal garbage.

　　Many garbage collection points can be seen in the streets and residential areas of Tokyo. These collection points are all posted with delivery instructions, which introduce the classification method and collection time of garbage in the form of pictures and texts, such as when to discard what garbage seven days a week. If you miss the specified time, you can only wait until the next collection day to lose it. If you want to throw away large pieces of garbage such as bicycles and wardrobes, you need to apply by phone in advance and buy treatment vouchers. The price of each piece ranges from several hundred yen to thousands of yen. If you throw away garbage at random, you will be fined or even imprisoned.

　　Germany: the details are constantly optimized

　　In Germany, domestic waste is roughly divided into non-recyclable waste, packaging waste, paper waste, biological waste, electronic waste, glass waste and so on, and their destination is trash cans with different colors.

　　Germany also promotes the recycling of beverage bottles by setting a deposit. For example, a 1.5-liter bottle of ordinary mineral water costs 0.19 euros, but an additional deposit of 0.25 euros is required for plastic bottles filled with water. You can only get the deposit back after the bottle is returned by the bottle collector in the supermarket.

　　With the participation of families, schools and other sectors of society, German children learn the method of garbage classification from an early age and take it as a natural thing. The waste treatment plant will also let people know more about waste sorting and its importance by organizing visits.

　　Garbage sorting and recycling has also spawned new business models, such as garbage management companies. Different kinds of garbage have different disposal fees. If recyclable garbage such as plastic packaging and paper products is put into a bucket of non-recyclable garbage, higher disposal fees will be paid. Garbage management companies can help people reduce the cost of garbage disposal as much as possible.

　　For example, entrusted by the community manager, the staff of the garbage management company will go to the community every three to five times to reclassify some misclassified garbage, and provide regular consultation activities to popularize the knowledge of garbage recycling to residents and help people classify garbage more accurately. Although residents have to pay part of the expenses of the management company, with the sharp reduction of garbage disposal fees, residents have not only saved money, but also contributed to environmental protection.