Xinhua News Agency, Washington, August 20thCommunication: the supply chain is not "plug and play" and cannot satisfy the "fantasy" of US trade policy.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Gao Pan Sun Ding

　　"The supply chain is not ‘ Plug and play ’ , they cannot be easily reconfigured to meet the ‘ Fantasy ’ 。” At the hearing held by the Office of the US Trade Representative in Washington, D.C. on the 20th to impose tariffs on China’s products exported to the United States, Edward Breitwa, director of international trade of the American Chemical Council, poured cold water on the US government’s attempt to forcibly move the supply chain back to the United States by imposing tariffs.

　　"The manufacturing supply chain does not exist out of thin air, but follows the changes of market forces. It is very complicated and relies on interrelated networks and channels to push finished products to the market, so it is vulnerable to the destructive influence of tariff and non-tariff barriers," explained Breitwa. "Forcing enterprises to reconfigure the supply chain will threaten their survival."

　　Breitwa, who attended the hearing on behalf of American chemical manufacturing enterprises, was deeply disappointed that the US government did not listen to the suggestions of the association in July. At that time, the association suggested that about $2.2 billion of chemical and plastic products imported from China should be excluded from the tax list.

　　He warned that if the U.S. government continues to impose tariffs on China, about 16.4 billion U.S. dollars of chemical and plastic products imported from China will face tariff increases, which may have an "irreparable" impact on the U.S. chemical industry. At the same time, China’s countermeasures against American chemical products will also make the American chemical industry lose the China market.

　　"We reiterate in the strongest terms that the best way to protect the interests of the US chemical industry and the entire manufacturing industry is to withdraw chemical products from the forefront of the trade war." Breitwa said.

　　Like Breitwa, representatives from many industries in the United States, such as semiconductors, bicycles, clothing, luggage and so on, also stressed that it is very difficult to move the production line out of China, let alone back to the United States, because China has accumulated rich manufacturing experience and established an efficient and mature supply chain network over the years.

　　Stephen Lang, president of the American Wedding Dress Industry Association, said that China’s dominant position in clothing production means that the United States almost inevitably imports clothing products from China, especially wedding dresses can no longer be produced in the United States, and the United States not only lacks fabric supply, but also lacks production skills at all levels.

　　Lang, who is also the owner of a clothing company, pointed out that the characteristics of fashion products make it impossible for clothing importers to hoard a large number of goods before any potential tariffs take effect, which means that if a 25% tariff is imposed on imported wedding dresses, suppliers, importers and consumers will be forced to share higher costs, and he will move his clothing company out of the United States.

　　Stephen Lamar, senior vice president of the American Federation of Clothing, Footwear and Socks, also said that no country has the ability to produce a variety of products commercially like China, and 80% of the headwear sold in the US market comes from China.

　　He pointed out that in view of China’s dominant market position, the United States will impose a 25% tariff on headdresses imported from China, which means that headdresses imported from other countries in the United States will also increase in price, and headdresses are not a necessity, so consumers are bound to be unwilling to bear higher prices, so American enterprises that import and sell headdresses will be seriously affected. He reiterated the association’s opposition to the United States imposing tariffs on textiles, travel goods and headgear imported from China.

　　Ross Bishop, the owner of an American travel bag manufacturer, told Xinhua News Agency after the hearing that he tried to cooperate with a Vietnamese factory, but later found that the production cost was getting higher and higher, and finally decided to continue to cooperate with China suppliers, because China suppliers not only had exquisite manufacturing technology, but also had the highest cost performance. He accused the United States of "playing a political game" by imposing tariffs on travel bags imported from China, because imported travel bags did not pose a threat to national security.

　　The hearing on that day was the first of a series of six-day hearings on China’s tariff policy held by the Office of the US Trade Representative. More than 60 trade associations and business representatives attended the hearing all day, respectively expounding the impact of the US tariff increase on goods imported from China, and expressing their willingness to exclude their own enterprises or products from the tax list.

　　Officials from the office of the US Trade Representative and other government departments asked questions in a unified way after the statements and testimonies of each group of representatives. The reporter observed at the scene that the most frequently asked by American government officials was whether alternative sources of imports of China’s goods could be found, and the answers given by the participants were concise and consistent: "It is difficult" or "No".

　　"A bicycle has more than 200 different parts and components. It takes many years and a lot of money to transfer production to the United States. It is even more difficult to transfer production to the United States." Bob Mathieus, director of the American Bicycle Products Suppliers Association, told reporters that the manufacturing industry attaches importance to clustering. For the bicycle industry, China is the location of the cluster, with obvious scale effect and outstanding advantages in cost, efficiency and labor. About 94% of the bicycle imports in the United States come from China.

　　Jonathan Davies, vice president of the International Semiconductor Industry Association, said that in view of the globalization of the supply chain, US tariffs on China’s semiconductor products will also affect American semiconductor manufacturers with operations in China. He pointed out that increasing tariffs will increase the production cost of American semiconductor manufacturers, reduce the price competitiveness of products sold overseas, and reduce exports, which will lead to a decrease in R&D investment of enterprises, which will eventually hinder innovation and increase employment in the United States.

　　The American Chamber of Commerce, the largest business lobbying organization in the United States, also said in a written testimony recently that imposing tariffs on an additional $200 billion of China goods will "significantly expand" the harm to American consumers, workers, enterprises and the economy. "The number of written opinions and on-site testimonies submitted to the US Trade Representative against the Trump administration’s tariff policy fully demonstrates the harm that additional tariffs will cause."

　　"It is time for serious consultations with China to find a solution and prevent further damage to the lives of the American people." The American Chamber of Commerce concluded this way.

On February 18, 2014, the joint stock company of Dongfeng Motor Group, the French government, the holding company of the Peugeot family and the Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group officially signed a memorandum of understanding. The joint stock company of Dongfeng Motor Group will inject about 800 million euros into Peugeot Citroe ̈ n. After the transaction is completed, Dongfeng Motor will join the French government and the holding company of the Peugeot family to become the joint largest shareholder of the Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group, ending the Peugeot family’s controlling position in the Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group. The formal agreement will be signed during the visit of the Supreme Leader to France next month.

Dongfeng Motor will become the largest shareholder of the Peugeot Citroen Group

Peugeot Citroe ̈ n is Europe’s second-largest automaker after Germany’s Volkswagen, with strong heritage and technical strength. After the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the European auto industry sales crisis hit Peugeot Citroe ̈ n hard, and the loss of up to 5.01 billion euros in fiscal 2013 has pushed it to the brink of bankruptcy. The company currently only relies on the French government’s 7 billion euro guarantee for the sales financing division to continue operations, but this rescue will expire next year, so the sale of shares is the last chance for Peugeot Citroe ̈ n to survive.

PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n said it had held talks with General Motors of the United States, but failed to reach an agreement. Dongfeng Motor began negotiating with PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n about the stake acquisition in June 2013, which took more than eight months, during which the two sides repeatedly played games over the content of the negotiations. Negotiations between the two sides have been hampered by the French government’s reluctance to see PSA controlled by a Chinese state-owned enterprise, and various factors such as the transfer of core technology.

PSA Peugeot Citroen is the second largest automaker in Europe

According to Reuters sources, Peugeot Citroe ̈ n plans to sell new shares to Dongfeng Motor and the French government for 7.50 euros per share, a 41% discount to the company’s closing price on Monday. In addition, Peugeot Citroe ̈ n will also issue new shares to existing shareholders, raising a total of 3 billion euros.

According to the final memorandum of understanding, Dongfeng Motor Group’s joint stock company and the French government intend to inject about 800 million euros each into the Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group, and the holding company of the Peugeot family will also participate in the capital increase. After the completion of this transaction, Dongfeng, the French government and the holding company of the Peugeot family will become the joint largest shareholder of the Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group, with each holding about 14%. This means that the Peugeot family’s controlling position in Peugeot Citroe ̈ n will end, forming a situation where the three major shareholders hold the same proportion of share capital.

Dongfeng and PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group also signed a framework agreement to strengthen cooperation in industrial and commercial fields. In the future, Dongfeng and PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group will increase cooperation in technology research and development, procurement, manufacturing and marketing, increase the scale of the platform, expand the scale effect of the core powertrain, improve the research and development capabilities and levels, and implement strategic synergies across the value chain to further enhance the international competitiveness of Dongfeng and PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group.

After the signing of the memorandum of understanding and framework agreement, the shareholders of all parties will realize joint decision-making management in the whole value chain of technology research and development, procurement, manufacturing and marketing of PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group. Based on the consensus reached, Dongfeng and PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n Group will further deepen the cooperation in the whole value chain on a global scale. The cooperation plan includes the establishment of a research and development center in the whole value chain in China, dedicated to the joint development of new automotive technologies and new products, mainly providing R & D services for Dongfeng, PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n and Shenlong Automotive. The two sides established an overseas sales company to be responsible for the sales and service business of PSA Peugeot Citroe ̈ n and Shenlong Automotive products in Asia, especially in ASEAN, and to coordinate in other overseas markets. The final formal agreement will be signed when the Supreme Leader

The technology, platform and engine level of the Peugeot Citroen Group have considerable skills

Zhu Fushou, general manager of Dongfeng Motor, previously said that investing in Peugeot Citroe ̈ n can bring advanced technology and other richer resources. In this regard, many industry experts believe that Dongfeng Motor’s investment in Peugeot Citroe ̈ n is not a simple equity acquisition, but to accelerate the globalization of Dongfeng brand through participation in the operation of multinational companies. The signing of the memorandum of understanding and framework plan confirms Dongfeng’s "multinational" strength.

Shoulder social responsibility and revitalize state-owned assets

Firmly develop green and serve the peak shaving of power grid.

—— Inner Mongolia Sulige Gas Power Generation Co., Ltd.

　　Inner Mongolia Sulige Gas Power Generation Co., Ltd. isInner Mongolia Autonomous RegionBlock 1adoptGas generating unitdynamoelectricClean energy power plant,It’s from Mengxi Power Grid.heavyTo peak-load the power supply,canEffectively enhancing the peak-shaving ability of Mengxi power grid will play an important role in optimizing the power grid structure and ensuring the safe operation of the power grid.wearImportant role.After the power plant was completed and put into operation, the company suffered losses due to the increase in natural gas prices.Normal production stopped in October 2009 until June 2021.In 2021, the company tookParty history study and education as an opportunity, with the three-year action plan of state-owned enterprise reform as the starting point, scientific planning,plan as a wholeoverall arrangement, take the initiative to seek the autonomous region government.And the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, etc.department concernedInner Mongolia electric power companySupport and help, coordinate the promotion of capacity electricity subsidies.get permissionLanding,Through continuous overtime and hard work,effectiveRevitalize the idle for a long time.The 12-year-old state-owned assets have successfully resumed the peak-shaving operation of the units, effectively alleviating the power shortage situation in Mengxi power grid.

　　Go forward in hard work.

　　2021 is a crucial year for the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises and a crucial year for connecting the preceding with the following.,Repeated outbreaks at critical moments have affected the pace of unit technical renovation, maintenance and debugging to a certain extent. Leading Group of Sulige Power Generation CompanyIn order to insist that Qingshan does not relax his work style,checkFind and solve all constraintsreformdevelopAnd management.Obstacles,Under the premise of preventing and controlling the epidemic and ensuring safety and stability, withCapacity electricity subsidyget permissionfall to the ground,The technical renovation and maintenance of the unit has also begun. companyIn the group companyUnder the guidance of "Leading Group for Peak Regulation Operation of Restoring Units in Sulige Power Plant" and related working groups and expert groups, according to the maintenance and operation of two sets of units over the years, and according to the relevant regulations and specifications, the opinions of original equipment manufacturers and experts from Inner Mongolia Electric Power Research Institute, after repeated investigation and demonstration, 105 maintenance contents in seven categories, including gas turbine, waste heat boiler, electricity, thermal engineering, chemistry and voltage regulating station, were finally determined. power plantstop productionDuring the past 12 years, some original equipment manufacturers have already gone bankrupt or transformed. The company searched for similar equipment manufacturers at home and abroad, and raced against time to complete the procurement of equipment, materials and spare parts in accordance with the law.The service has many difficulties and challenges, such as tight time, heavy tasks and high technical requirements.existGroup company systemWith planning, careful guidance, full participation and full supervision,Constantly strengthen communication and coordination with various construction units, supervision units, operation and maintenance units and commissioning units.FinallyOn June 26, 2021, the No.1 gas turbine was successfully connected to the grid for power generation; On September 23, the second combined cycle was connected to the grid for power generation. The restart of the unit will play a positive role in serving the new power system with new energy as the main body and promoting the development of low-carbon life.

　　Refine strength in epidemic prevention and control

　　Under the epidemic situation, the maintenance personnel came from all over the country, which brought a lot of challenges to the epidemic prevention and control work. In order to ensure the epidemic prevention and control in the process of technical renovation and maintenance, the company formulated the Work Plan for Prevention and Control of novel coronavirus, and paid special attention to the implementation of responsibility classification, stratification and zoning. From monitoring the health status of participants, nucleic acid detection and safety protection, to screening for posts, code scanning and temperature measurement, we should strengthen supervision and guidance on the health and epidemic prevention work of outsourcing teams and outsourced personnel in technical renovation and maintenance projects, optimize working procedures and processes, reasonably arrange the construction period, minimize cross-work and personnel contact, and minimize the risk of personnel gathering. In the later period, due to the epidemic situation, the inspectors of Nanjing Nangang Power Equipment Installation Co., Ltd. could not arrive at their posts as scheduled, and the company repeatedly communicated with the relevant departments of the local government to solve the problem of personnel control and timely arrival. After the maintenance project management personnel arrive at their posts, the company regularly goes to the site to check the implementation of epidemic prevention measures, so as to ensure timely monitoring, clear division of labor and prevention in place. Through the overtime and hard work of all departments, the epidemic prevention and maintenance period was finally realizedThe goal of "zero infection and zero accident" ensures the smooth progress of various maintenance tasks.

　　Improving quality and increasing efficiency in safety prevention and control

　　The company always insistsGuiding Thought of "Safety First, Prevention First"Think,Adhere to the goal of safe production, comprehensively strengthen risk management and control, enhance risk prevention awareness, implement the responsibility system for safe production at all levels, compact the main responsibility, and carry out the requirements for safe production throughout.Organized a period of100UranianMaintenance safety guaranteeGeneral assembly war,Actively respond to maintenance tasks,Pay close attention to reducing costs, improving quality and increasing efficiency, and provide a strong guarantee for the company’s safe production.This overhaulFaceFour cooperative units and a working team of more than 260 peopleAt the same time, a number of technological transformations, large and small, are being carried out, and there are many cross-operations.、Aerial work, live working and limited space work are difficult and demanding.,It has brought great challenges to the company’s safety work. In order to ensure the safety of technical renovation and maintenance of units, rules and regulations and emergency plans have been formulated in a targeted manner, emergency drills have been strengthened, and management of operating procedures has been strictly enforced.companyJoint supervision unit, adhere to24-hour on-site supervision has successively carried out special safety inspections such as epidemic prevention and control, traffic safety, on-site safety and civilized construction, fire prevention and flood control, and natural gas pipeline system, and carried out major safety inspections on holidays such as Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, May Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day and important power conservation periods.insist on"When the day is over, the day is over",insist onFight the epidemic situation, ensure production, strengthen control and protection.,realizewatch from a height or distanceGrasp with both hands, with both handshard、Two mistakes and two promotion.Through comprehensive measures, the foundation of safety management has been consolidated and the overall situation of safety and stability has been maintained.,No safety accidents occurred..

　　Take the lead courageously in party building

　　The flag was inserted in a line, and party member rushed forward.In 2021, the General Party Branch of Sulige Power Generation Company further strengthened "four consciousnesses", strengthened "four self-confidences" and achieved "two maintenance", and constantly improved political judgment, political understanding and political execution.Seriously study and implementpartyCentral and autonomous regionsParty Committee and SASAC Party CommitteeHe group companyParty committeeAll decision-making arrangements are closely aroundGeneral tone of "striving for progress while maintaining stability",insist on"Strengthen the party’s leadership andPerfecting corporate governance and unifying."、"Deep integration of Party building work and production and management",Focus on strengthening party building work.Give full play to the general party branch of Sulige Power Generation CompanyThe role of "taking the direction, managing the overall situation and ensuring implementation", all party member "bright posts, bright commitments and bright performance", take the initiative.Bear a heavy burdenTask, accept supervision, service overhaul, inspire party member to play a vanguard and exemplary role.

　　Make full push inThe study and education of the company’s party history has gone deep and practical, achieving momentum, distinguishing features and remarkable results. The general party branch accurately grasps the goal and direction of the study and education of party history, and studies and educates the central group study, theme party days, reading classes, special party classes, publicity and lectures, and special training.The "prescribed actions" are broken down and implemented on a monthly basis to ensure that there are activities every month, pushes every day, and echoes every time. Joint cooperation units carry out joint theme Party Day activities to learn the history of the Party, share the experience of maintenance, effectively combine the study of Party history, sum up experience, and compare with the actual technical renovation and maintenance work of the unit, and help the company’s reform, development and management with tangible learning results, forming a work cycle of "learning and education-promoting work-improving quality and efficiency". Adhere to activities such as "learning the history of the party every day", "singing red songs every day", "telling stories every week", "listening to lectures at the right time" and "doing tests on time"; Evening classes are held to learn the history of the Party, and five topics are divided to carry out centralized study, comprehensive study, systematic study, through study and online study, so as to promote the formation of a situation in which leaders take the lead in giving lectures, party member consciously leads the study, and all members interact to promote learning. Encourage all party branches and departments to inspire creative tension, actively introduce distinctive optional movements on the basis of perfecting the prescribed movements, make good use of the rich red resources and party history materials, enlarge the characteristics, create highlights, and carry out the study of party history with the theme of "remembering revolutionary martyrs and carrying forward the national spirit"Theme Party Day activities, held calligraphy collection, essay writing, knowledge contest, warning education,The study and education of party history is colorful in activities such as "always forge ahead with the party on a new journey" and staff cultural performances.

　　Looking back on the party’s century-long history, it is an endless force of faith. The general party branch of Sulige Power Generation Company draws strength from the education of party history,Try to put“I do practical things for the masses."Practice activities have been carried out in the hearts of the workers and staff. The general party branch of the company has repeatedly learned about the urgent needs and expectations of the masses from different channels, closely focused on the outstanding demands of the masses, and done practical things and solved problems for the masses in a down-to-earth manner, and finally determined the company’s" I do practical things for the masses "project list. Whether it is a major event of the company’s reform and development or a trivial matter of the staff dining table, the general party branch "treats people equally", formulates practical plans for people’s livelihood, clarifies node objectives, reveals the list and takes the lead, and makes every effort to push forward, earnestly doing practical things, doing good things well, and handling difficult things well, taking the voice of the masses as the basis for seeking things, and taking the word-of-mouth of the masses as the yardstick for judging, so as to turn the achievements of the study and education of party history into an inexhaustible motive force for doing our job well and promoting the development of the cause.

　　A new journey has begun, and a new era is promising. General Party Branch of Sulige Power Generation CompanyIt has consolidated the overall situation of security and stability, maintained a positive trend and planted the advantages of green development.In 2021,The company has made new achievements in reform and development, made new breakthroughs in production and operation, made new improvements in enterprise management, and made new achievements in party building.In the future,SuligePower generation companyWill actively participate in the autonomous regionpeak carbon emissionscarbon neutralityWork, give full play to the gas unit inThe unique role of "double control" is to help with the tenacity of courageously taking the lead, the enterprising spirit of facing difficulties and the tireless efforts.companyRide the wind and waves in improving quality and efficiency, and fully serve the economy and society of the autonomous regionDevelop the overall situation,Playing the strugglers of the new era"The strongest sound.”。

Editor in charge: Zhou Xiaobo’s submission email:Online submission

　　During the National Day holiday, a heavy rainfall that lasted for more than 90 hours pushed Shanxi to the forefront.

　　The lower reaches of Fenhe River suffered the biggest flood peak in the past 40 years, with 37 rivers in Shanxi flooding, embankments such as Wuma River, Fenhe River and Ciyao River burst, 60,213.6 kilometers of roads were damaged, 1,757,100 people in 76 counties were affected, and 120,100 people were resettled urgently. The affected area of crops reached 3,576,900 mu, resulting in a direct economic loss of 5.029 billion yuan.

　　Danger is constant, and responsibility is like a mountain! People first, life first!

　　The Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government responded quickly, started the disaster relief response at the first time, and allocated and allocated relief materials and funds in a timely manner. Party committees and governments at all levels, the people and the rescue team were moved by the "flood" and United as one, starting a "tough battle" for flood control and disaster relief, and restoring and rebuilding their homes.

　　The cadres of Xixue Village, Jifeng Town, Jishan County and the rescue team worked together to fight floods. Photo courtesy of Yuncheng Daily

　　Comprehensive response, life first, launching a "tough battle" for flood control and disaster relief.

　　Shanxi, which has always been short of water, is now a Zeguo.

　　"From October 2 to October 7, the average precipitation in the province was 119 mm, and the average rainfall in the Fenhe River Basin was 132.6 mm, both far exceeding the historical level. This is the strongest precipitation process in autumn since Shanxi has meteorological observation records. " Wang Wenyi, deputy director of Shanxi Meteorological Bureau, said.

　　Flood is an order, and flood control is a responsibility.

　　The Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government attached great importance to it, and quickly convened the province’s flood control and disaster relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction work meeting, and made a special deployment meeting to restore production and living order after the disaster, and made arrangements for doing a good job in related work.

　　The officers and men of the armed police are stepping up the construction of dams. Photo courtesy of Yuncheng Daily

　　Although disasters are merciless, people can be more promising. Shanxi launched a provincial flood control level IV response and decisively shut down some coal mines, non-coal mines and hazardous enterprises; In view of Taiyuan, Lvliang, Jinzhong, Yuncheng and other places with serious dangers, 165 rescue teams and 13,535 people were mobilized to rescue and rescue; Set up 845 temporary centralized resettlement sites, distribute 4,520 tents and 24,600 cotton trousers, and properly resettle the affected people; The Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance, together with the Provincial Emergency Management Department, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Provincial Department of Water Resources, issued 50 million yuan of provincial flood disaster relief funds, 148 million yuan from the Shanxi Charity Federation, and 80.2 million yuan from the social relief donations accepted by the Shanxi Red Cross. The National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Emergency Management Department also launched the national level IV emergency response to disaster relief, and sent disaster relief working groups to assist and guide the resettlement and relief work of the affected people. The Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department urgently pre-allocated 50 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds to Shanxi, and all the funds have been allocated to the grassroots of cities and counties.

　　At the same time, more than 3,000 cadres and experts from the agricultural and rural system in Shanxi Province went to the fields for the first time to help the affected farmers solve practical difficulties and problems. Shanxi CDC quickly dispatched more than 50 professionals in emergency, infectious diseases, vectors, drinking water, food safety and disinfection to form 11 expert groups, and went to various cities to supervise and guide post-disaster epidemic prevention and risk assessment in the affected areas.

　　United as one, we can overcome the difficulties together. Shanxi Province actively responded to the dangerous situation and spared no effort to rescue it. After continuous fighting, the province’s flood control and emergency rescue achieved initial results.

　　Overcome difficulties and charge the front line, and strive to restore the order of production and life.

　　From the early morning of October 3 to 17: 00 on October 6, the continuous rainfall in Qixian County of Jinzhong City reached 89 hours, and the rainfall in the whole county was nearly 200 mm. The average and maximum daily precipitation approached the historical peak.

　　On October 6th, Changyuan River Bridge on Nantong-Pudong Railway was attacked by a flood, the abutment was washed away by the flood, and the rails and sleepers were suspended, just like an "iron cable bridge". Changyuan River is the mother river of Qixian County, with a total length of 75,000 meters in Qixian County. Changyuan Henan Tongpu Railway Bridge spans the east and west sides of Changyuan River, which is a railway trunk line running through south-central Shanxi.

　　Race against the flood, race against time. After the dangerous situation occurred, China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Jinzhong City and County fully organized emergency repairs and mobilized more than 800 construction workers to carry out emergency construction day and night. Blast the overflow bridge and open the 30-meter-long spillway; Interception of Changyuan River for 3 hours to gain time for railway construction; More than 200 transport vehicles, more than 50 loaders, excavators and other machinery have all been put into the rush work … … At 7: 36 on October 14th, the South Tongpu Railway resumed operation in both directions after being repaired day and night.

　　South Tongpu Railway Repair Site. Photo courtesy of China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co., Ltd.

　　"Unity is strength, unity is strength, this strength is iron, this strength is steel … …” At 9 o’clock on the evening of October 7, at the bank of Ciyao in Xiangle Township, Pingyao County, bursts of songs pierced the night.

　　Singing loudly, against the roar of the flood — — Ciyao River burst its banks, and the general attack of blocking is about to start. This song is the call sign for Pingyao Brigade, the fire rescue detachment of Jinzhong City, which has been fighting for more than ten hours continuously! Finally, at 1: 30 am on October 8, the Ciyao River burst and successfully closed! The fire commanders and fighters made great efforts to widen and reinforce the dam, and checked repeatedly to ensure that the hidden dangers were eliminated before leaving the scene.

　　At this moment, the Ciyao River has returned to calm, leaving only a trail of fighting on the muddy embankment. In this battle, 52 officers and men of Pingyao Fire Fighting worked nonstop for 14 hours, built a dam for 16 meters, laid 182 wooden stakes and iron piles, struck about 4,800 times, and filled 9,600 bags of cement. According to statistics, from October 1st to October 7th, Shanxi Firefighters dispatched 386 flood-fighting rescues, 627 fire-fighting vehicles and 3,801 people, and evacuated and rescued 920 trapped people.

　　Persistence, rescue and mutual assistance … … Numerous forces of "riding the wind and breaking the waves" emerged in the rainstorm. They put on "raincoats and shirts" and became the guardians of the city and the people.

　　As of October 11th, 30 blocked sections have been blocked by highways in Shanxi Province, 19 blocked sections have been blocked by ordinary national and provincial trunk highways, and 2,800 blocked sections have been blocked by rural highways. The road transport network in the province has basically recovered smoothly. The 56 coal mines that stopped production have resumed production, which will not have a significant impact on Shanxi’s coal supply.

　　Look out for each other, support from all directions, and go all out to restore a beautiful home.

　　The rain is continuous, the river is rising, and the areas where Fenhe River and Qinhe River flow are the most seriously affected. The villages built by the river are facing a severe test.

　　"I never thought there was such a big water." Li Xiaobin, secretary of the Party branch of Beiqiaotou Village, Daxiaobao Town, xiaoyi city, Shanxi Province, recalled the past few days and was very sad. Beiqiaotou Village is located in the south-central part of Shanxi, at the intersection of Wenyu River, Ciyao River and Fenhe River, and it is one of the villages most seriously affected by this flood. "The village was flooded by water more than one meter deep, and the deepest part was more than two meters. The water in the house flooded onto the kang and debris floated. "

　　On October 3, Li Xiaobin found that the water level of Wenyu River was rising rapidly, and he felt that something was wrong. He and the cadres of villages and towns have successively found more than 10 loaders and 4 excavators to reinforce and raise the dams on the edge of the village with soil and sand.

　　The plugging failed. On October 6, after learning that the upstream reservoir was going to flood, more than 2,000 people in Qiaotou Village were all transferred, and Li Xiaobin finally evacuated.

　　At the same time, Hongshan Village, Jiexiu City, which is separated from Qiaotou Village by a river, is also facing collective transfer. The water level is getting higher and higher, so evacuation needs the help of transportation. Some villagers provide their own excavators, and many excavators transport people at the same time. Along the way, the village loudspeakers repeatedly sounded the village committee’s exhortation: "Do a good job of protection and evacuate quickly" and "Life is the most important" … …

　　On October 8, at the resettlement site of Xinjiang Gymnasium in Yuncheng City, two medical staff on duty (left) learned about the physical health of the people affected by Hongfeng. Gao xinsheng photo

　　In the face of great disaster, Shanxi people tried to save themselves. At the same time, familiar "life-saving documents" reappeared. The producer is Qi Yifei, a Shanxi girl who is a junior at Xi ‘an Jiaotong University. On the evening of October 6th, she posted her own online sharing form on social media for everyone to provide rescue and disaster information. In just 48 hours after the document was published, more than 600 pieces of help and rescue information were gathered.

　　Along with the flood, there are also a large number of rescue teams, volunteers and a steady stream of relief supplies. The assistance from all directions illustrates the spirit of China, which is to help each other and help each other in the same boat.

　　— — I am still in post-disaster reconstruction. I heard that Shanxi was hit by a devastating flood. Li Baomin, the affected people in Liulitang Village, Shangle Village, Weihui City, Henan Province, did not hesitate to donate more than 10 acres of 60,000 kilograms of cabbage and radish.

　　— — By plane and high-speed train, An Bin, a young man from Urumqi, traveled more than 2,700 kilometers to Linfen, Shanxi, just to become a flood control volunteer.

　　A special "concert" was held at the resettlement site of Xinjiang Gymnasium in Yuncheng City, where the logistical support was smooth. Volunteers sang My People，My Country with the masses and cheered each other.

　　The owner of Yuncheng steamed bread shop made 1000 Chinese buns at 3 am and drove them to flood relief workers. Steaming food should be thrown away even through the flood.

　　Hu Lei, who is disabled and lives by picking up garbage, donated a car full of materials to Beiqiaotou Village from Ningxia.

　　… …

　　Related topics such as "Refueling in Shanxi", "Summary of urgently needed materials in Shanxi" and "Holding an umbrella for Shanxi" have been hotly searched, and netizens have been constantly forwarding them, and the spirit of mutual assistance has been transmitted among networks, which has provided strong support for disaster prevention and relief work.

　　The flood is too great to stop goodwill and determination. After the rainstorm washed away, it washed out the sparkling beauty of human nature.

　　After the rainstorm, villagers in Rencun Township, Taigu District, Jinzhong City seized the opportunity to harvest peanuts. Sun Taiyan

　　"I have the confidence to lead everyone to rebuild Beiqiaotou Village, and please rest assured the villagers. There is a strong motherland behind us. " Li Xiaobin bowed while wiping his tears, and the young and old beside him kept nodding. With the arrival of various professional rescue teams, the accumulated water in the affected villages in Daxiaobao Town, including Beiqiaotou Village, is declining.

　　At 18: 00 on October 11th, 78 elderly people from the Recreation and Nursing Home in Lingshi County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province returned to their warm homes safely. "When the flood receded, we went home and were not afraid."

　　Some people say, "the children of Sanjin survived the most difficult time." At present, the flood flow of rivers in Shanxi has been continuously reduced, and the river gaps have been blocked one after another. The disaster relief materials from all over the country have been fully put in the resettlement sites, and the disaster situation has been alleviated to some extent. Ensuring the basic livelihood of the affected people is placed at the top of the current relief work. As of October 12, Shanxi has implemented a total of 43,042 temporary relief for people suffering from disasters and distributed relief funds of 25.001 million yuan; Charity associations at all levels in the province have received a total of 214 million yuan of social donations and materials worth 76 million yuan, and urgently needed materials such as 148 million yuan of donations and 62 million yuan of warm clothes and quilts are being allocated to the disaster areas one after another.

　　For the affected areas, the greater difficulty lies in the subsequent recovery and reconstruction. Intensify river clearing to ensure smooth flood discharge; Strengthen the prevention and response to geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and carry out inspections and dangers of warping dams and tailings ponds; Do a good job in the investigation of rural adobe houses, caves and other places, and strengthen the investigation of houses soaked in cities for a long time and shanty towns … … While doing a good job in flood control and disaster relief and helping the affected people, Shanxi has gone all out to rebuild its beautiful home.

　　May Shanxi be safe, and Shanxi will eventually be safe. We believe that the land of Sanjin, which is outstanding in people and places, will be able to rejuvenate and reproduce good scenery.

In January 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions on the 60th anniversary of the founding of China’s nuclear industry, stressing that the nuclear industry is a high-tech strategic industry and an important cornerstone of national security. It is necessary to adhere to safe development and innovative development, adhere to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, comprehensively enhance the core competitiveness of the nuclear industry, and continue to write a new brilliant chapter in China’s nuclear industry.

On December 15th, 1991, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the first self-designed and self-built nuclear power station in China, was connected to the grid for power generation, making China the seventh country in the world to design and build its own nuclear power station.

Today, Qinshan nuclear power plant has been operating safely for 30 years. After completion, the total installed capacity of Qinshan nuclear power base is 6.6 million kilowatts, the annual power generation is about 52 billion kWh, and the cumulative safe power generation is 690 billion kWh. It has become the nuclear power base with the largest number of nuclear power units, the most comprehensive reactor type and the richest nuclear power operation and management talents in China.

On the basis of ensuring the safe operation of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, China National Nuclear Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CNNC) insists on scientific and technological innovation as a strategic basis, focuses on key technologies of nuclear energy, and builds the third generation of independent nuclear power technology "Hualong No.1", which has become a "national business card" that highlights China’s independent innovation capability.

Realizing "Zero Breakthrough" of Nuclear Power

Starting from Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, all the way south to the foot of Qinshan Mountain. Under the shadow of cement buildings, there is a white building, and the high-voltage iron tower and thick transmission lines standing on the distant hills are connected with it. This building is the first 300,000 kW PWR nuclear power plant in China. The green energy output from nine operating units in and around here has been continuously imported into East China Power Grid, meeting the energy demand in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Time goes back to the 1970s. On February 8, 1970, Shanghai conveyed the spirit of Premier Zhou Enlai’s instructions on building nuclear power, and Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, China’s first independent nuclear power station, was named after the "July 28 Project".

In 1982, at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress, China solemnly announced the decision to build Qinshan nuclear power plant, which has since opened the prelude to nuclear power construction. Since then, nuclear workers from the northwest and southwest have gathered at the foot of Qinshan Mountain, involving more than 100 scientific research units, 7 design institutions, 11 construction units and hundreds of manufacturing plants. Everyone has only one goal: to achieve a "zero breakthrough" in nuclear power. In March 1985, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station poured the first tank of concrete.

Everything is difficult before it is easy. The initial construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station is not smooth, and the first-hand information that can be used for reference is very limited. "Take the main pipeline connecting the steam generator and the pressure vessel as an example, there are as many as 16 welding joints. At that time, there was no such welding technology in China." Yuan Yong, the business manager of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Party Group Work Office of China National Nuclear Corporation, recalled, "I heard that a foreign-funded enterprise had mastered the relevant technology, and the technical experts of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station went to consult."

At first, the foreign-funded enterprise agreed to provide a welding technical manual at a price of $100,000. But later, with the approaching of the construction period, the government of the country where the enterprise is located put forward two "additional conditions": first, Chinese must report to the country for the use of this welding technology; Second, when using this technology to weld pipelines, experts from this country should be sent to supervise on the spot. Hearing these conditions, Zhao Hong, then general manager of Qinshan Nuclear Power Company, decided to terminate the negotiations. Later, we used this $100,000 to build a laboratory in Qinshan site, organized experts from Tsinghua University and other units to tackle key problems, and won this technology in half a year.

"To solve the technical key in self-design, only through our own research and development can we know what it is, know why it is, and master the technical initiative." Ouyang Yu, chief designer of Qinshan nuclear power plant project, said. During the construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, every technical drawing was designed and drawn by Chinese himself. With a series of independent technologies, the design and construction project of Qinshan 300,000 kW nuclear power plant won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

There is a clock in the Nuclear Power Science and Technology Museum in Haiyan County, and the time on it is fixed at 0: 15 on December 15, 1991. This is a major breakthrough in the peaceful use of nuclear energy in China and a milestone in the second venture of the nuclear industry.

Since then, the development of Qinshan nuclear power has been accelerated, and the second, third and Fangjiashan nuclear power projects of Qinshan nuclear power have been completed one after another. In this process, China has mastered 300,000, 600,000 and 1 million kilowatts of nuclear power technology, and Qinshan nuclear power has become the epitome of nuclear power from scratch and from small to large. At the same time, Qinshan nuclear power has also taken the first step of "going out" of China’s nuclear power technology supporting services. On December 31st, 1991, China and Pakistan signed an agreement in Beijing to jointly build Pakistan’s Chashma nuclear power plant with Qinshan nuclear power plant as a reference. Chashma project was the first commercial nuclear power plant designed and built by China, and it was also the largest high-tech export project in China at that time.

Today, on the foothills directly opposite the Qinshan Phase I nuclear reactor, you can still see a stone tablet engraved with the four characters "Qinshan Chunxiao". "This is the way for China’s nuclear power workers to record history. Qinshan Nuclear Power Station is like a’ spring song’, and China’s nuclear power industry is welcoming spring." Huang Qian, Party Secretary and Chairman of Qinshan Nuclear Power of CNNC, said.

"Hualong No.1" leads China’s nuclear power technology level and comprehensive strength to rank among the first phalanx in the world.

On January 30, 2021, the third generation nuclear power technology independently developed by China and the world’s first "Hualong No.1" nuclear power unit-Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 5 was put into commercial operation. From pouring the first tank of concrete on the nuclear island to commercial operation, "Hualong No.1" took only 68.7 months, making it the only third-generation nuclear power reactor in the world built on schedule.

"Hualong No.1" has realized the dreams of several generations of nuclear power workers, including Xing Ji, chief designer and chief expert of "Hualong No.1" of China National Nuclear Corporation. In the past 30 years, Xing Ji has participated in almost all nuclear power plant construction in China, which makes him have a deeper understanding of the importance and urgency of mastering key technologies: "In the late 1980s, when China built the first large-scale commercial nuclear power plant with a capacity of one million kilowatts on the mainland, not only the main equipment could not be provided domestically, but even the basic materials for nuclear power construction could not be supplied domestically, and reinforced concrete that met the requirements of nuclear power plants could only be imported. We are all eager to develop our own million kilowatt nuclear power technology. "

Nuclear power plant is the most complex energy system so far, and the first reactor of "Hualong No.1" involves more than 70 professional fields, more than 80 structures and more than 360 systems, with more than 200,000 engineering design drawings. Every detail innovation puts forward higher requirements for design, procurement, construction, commissioning, nuclear safety and other links. In order to achieve the overall upgrade, we must learn from experience and strengthen cooperation on a global scale.

At the beginning of the research and development of "Hualong No.1", Xing Ji led the large team of "Hualong No.1" to build an efficient collaborative innovation research and development platform of "globalization for Industry-University-Research", effectively integrating technical resources and realizing complementary advantages. On the basis of summarizing China’s experience in scientific research, design, construction and management of nuclear power for more than 30 years, Hualong-1, an independent third-generation nuclear power technology, has finally been formed, which integrates a number of major technical improvements, such as "the highest safety standard, 177 cores, double containment, active and passive safety systems, earthquake resistance and large aircraft impact resistance".

The research and development of core nuclear power involves 336 systems and 25 disciplines, and the calculation amount is beyond imagination; The steam generator has 5835 pipes, almost none of which are exactly the same, and it has to pass through 9 layers of support plates smoothly; The diameter of the dome is 46.8 meters, and the thickness of the steel lining is only 6 mm. When hoisting, it must accurately fall into the guide groove with a width of only 10 mm at the narrowest part at the top of the nuclear island … seemingly "impossible tasks" are placed in front of the "Hualong No.1" team.

The core is the most important thing in the design of nuclear power plants. In the 1990s, after the Qinshan Phase II nuclear power project of 600,000 kilowatts was independently developed and designed, China National Nuclear Corporation immediately started the research and development project of independent million-kilowatt nuclear power technology, and in 1996, it put forward the plan of 177 cores, which not only increased the power generation of nuclear power units by 5% to 10%, but also greatly enhanced the safety of nuclear power plants. This is the source of the birth of "Hualong No.1" and the basis of key technologies.

"The metal material wrapped in nuclear fuel is called zirconium alloy. When we first started research and development, there was no complete production line in China. " Jiao Yongjun, chief designer of CF fuel of CNNC, recalled. After more than ten years of technical research and thousands of experiments, researchers have finally successfully developed N36 zirconium alloy with independent intellectual property rights. Subsequently, the R&D team successively overcame a series of difficulties, such as critical heat flux test and in-reactor irradiation test, and CF series nuclear fuel elements realized autonomy and industrial application.

The steam generator of "Hualong No.1" is completely different from the previous one in terms of size, core components and even every weld. In order to solve the difficulties in design and manufacture, Zhang Fuyuan, chief designer of "Hualong No.1" steam generator of China National Nuclear Corporation, often travels between major manufacturing plants, and finally shortens the manufacturing cycle to 27 months; In the world’s first demonstration project site of "Hualong No.1", the dome hoisting is the most critical link in civil engineering. The construction team finally successfully completed the "blade docking" with rich experience and excellent technology …

The confirmation of group parameters, the manufacture of sets of equipment, the binding of steel bars, the adjustment of instruments and the input of lines of codes, from the top-level scheme, overall design and preliminary design to the relevant important experimental verification, the "Hualong No.1" team overcame one difficulty after another, and it took 16 years to carry out 54 scientific research projects and develop hundreds of sets of new equipment.

"Hualong No.1" has achieved a major breakthrough in all aspects, such as calculation and analysis software, reactor core design, fuel technology, active and passive safety technology, etc. It has mastered a large number of key technologies in the fields of independent intellectual property rights covering design, fuel, equipment, construction, operation and maintenance, formed its core competitiveness, and won the initiative for the future development of nuclear power in China.

From Qinshan to Fuqing, China’s nuclear power started from "one poor and two white" in technology to independently design and build a million kilowatt nuclear power plant, and its technical level and comprehensive strength rank among the first phalanx in the world. With the spirit of self-reliance and self-improvement, people in the nuclear industry have made unremitting efforts and taken another solid step towards building a nuclear power.

The Struggle Journey of China’s Nuclear Power Technology from Relatively Backward to Advanced in the World

From the first heavy water reactor and the first cyclotron to open a new era of China’s atomic energy industry, to the successful development of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and nuclear submarines to establish a great power status; From the independent design and construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, "Hualong No.1" and other big countries’ heavy equipment, to the independent research and development of a number of advanced nuclear technologies such as medical cobalt-60 to promote the localization of high-end medical equipment, and then to the application of irradiation sterilization technology to help science and technology fight the epidemic … An overview of the development history of China’s nuclear industry is a struggle history with the primary task of meeting the national strategic needs and the strategic support of building an advanced nuclear technology industrial innovation system.

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, from Qinshan Nuclear Power Station to "Hualong No.1", China’s nuclear industry has embarked on a road of development with China characteristics. One of the important experiences is to give full play to the advantages of the new national system. Taking the super project "Hualong No.1" as an example, 17 domestic universities, scientific research institutions, 58 state-owned enterprises and more than 140 private enterprises participated in the research and development; The world’s first reactor project has driven more than 5,300 upstream and downstream enterprises, realized the localization of 411 core equipment, promoted the development of the country’s high-end major equipment manufacturing industry and related service industries, and significantly promoted the processing technology and process level of dozens of industries such as materials, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, electronics and instrument manufacturing.

The development of the nuclear industry is inseparable from talents. In Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, a large number of outstanding scientific and technological talents have emerged, represented by Ouyang Yu, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, and Ye Qiqian, an academician of China Academy of Engineering. The first batch of 35 nuclear power operators in Chinese mainland was born here, and more than 2,500 nuclear power technical backbones were exported to the whole country. After the first phase of Qinshan nuclear power plant was put into operation, when other nuclear power plants in China started construction, the first thing that came to mind was "taking important people from Qinshan".

In recent years, CNNC has attached great importance to the construction of talent team and built an innovative highland for nuclear science and technology talents. Focusing on important scientific fields and innovative directions, we will cultivate a number of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents and innovative teams with international standards; Strengthen the training of young talents through elite, leading and innovative teams, train and train a group of young scientific and technological talents, and build a high-level talent channel; Further innovate the mechanism and actively introduce high-tech talents and innovative teams.

In 2021, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station ushered in the 30th anniversary of grid-connected power generation, and the first batch of "Hualong No.1" in the world successfully achieved commercial operation. The passage of 30 years reflects the struggle journey of China’s nuclear power technology from relatively backward to advanced in the world, and highlights the spirit of innovation and hard work of nuclear power workers in the new era.

"As the national team and main force of China’s nuclear science and technology innovation, China National Nuclear Corporation will follow the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, base itself on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, further improve the advanced nuclear science and technology innovation system, focus on tackling key technologies and transforming and industrializing achievements, continue to bravely break into the’ no man’s land’ and be a pathfinder, constantly climb the peak of world nuclear science and technology, and contribute to the early realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance." Yu Jianfeng, Party Secretary and Chairman of CNNC, said.

[Editor: Wen Cun]

　　Abstract: Labor contract and labor service contract are very confusing, both of which are based on living labor, so it is difficult to distinguish them correctly in practice. But they are fundamentally different. A labor contract is an agreement between a laborer and an employer to establish a labor relationship and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties. Labor contracts can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. A labor contract in a broad sense refers to all agreements related to the provision of live labor services (i.e. labor services). The narrow sense of labor contract only refers to the general employment contract. The labor contract is developed from the employment contract. Therefore, it is of great significance to distinguish these two kinds of contracts correctly both in theory and in practice.

　　[Keywords:] labor contract, labor contract, employment contract, contract.

　　I. Labor Contract and Its Characteristics

　　Labor contract is a kind of legal system produced in social production. It originated from the employment contract in the traditional civil law. "From the employment contract to the labor contract, it is a socialized process [1]". Since the emergence of capitalist mode of production, labor contract has become an important content of legislation in various countries. First, a few industrialized countries recognized the legal effect of the labor contract in the civil law. Later, since Belgium promulgated the labor contract law in 1900, many capitalist countries have successively promulgated the labor contract law [2], and stipulated the special labor contract law in the labor law or listed the special chapter of the labor contract in the labor code, specifying the content and form of the labor contract, as well as the conditions and procedures for conclusion, modification and termination. At present, many countries in the world have legislation on labor contracts, which has been established as a legal system to adjust the relationship between workers and employers. Since 1986, China began to implement the labor contract system in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Implementation of the Labor Contract System in State-owned Enterprises.

　　So, what is a labor contract? At present, the definition of labor contract has basically reached a consensus. According to the legal definition of labor contract in Black’s Law Dictionary: "Labor contract is an agreement made between employers and employees on labor management, working conditions, wages, allowances and rewards and punishments". Some scholars in China believe that "labor contract is an agreement between workers and employers to establish labor relations and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties [3]". It is said that "a labor contract is a labor contract, which is an agreement on the rights and obligations of both parties reached through consultation between workers and employers according to law [4]". It is also said that "labor contract is a labor contract, which is an agreement reached between workers and employers on labor rights and obligations [5]". Article 16 of China’s Labor Law defines a labor contract as: "A labor contract is an agreement between a laborer and an employer to establish a labor relationship and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties". Therefore, it can be seen that the labor contract is a legal form to establish the labor relationship between workers and employers, and an important means to organize social labor, rationally allocate labor resources, stabilize labor relations, and promote the development of social productive forces. According to this agreement, workers become a member of the employer, and have the obligation to complete the production tasks and work tasks of the employer, and have the obligation to abide by labor discipline and internal rules and regulations; The employer is obliged to pay labor remuneration and provide working conditions, labor protection, insurance and welfare benefits [6].

　　It can be seen that the labor contract has its legal characteristics obviously different from the civil contract:

　　1. The subject of labor contract is specific. The main party of a labor contract must be the employer. This mainly refers to: enterprises, individual organizations, private non-enterprise units and other organizations, but also includes state organs, institutions and social organizations that sign labor contracts with workers. The other party of the subject must be the laborer himself, that is, the laborer must be over 16 years old and have certain working ability, including domestic citizens, foreigners and stateless persons.

　　2. Both parties to a labor contract are subordinate in their duties. After the conclusion of the labor contract, the laborer is recruited as a member of the employing unit, which creates personal subordination, enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations of the employees of the unit internally, and engages in the management activities of production and operation in the name of the unit externally.

　　3. The labor contract is a paid contract between both parties. In the labor contract, the laborer must provide labor for the employer, and the employer must pay remuneration for the laborer, so it is a two-service paid contract.

　　4. The main terms of the labor contract are legal. In order to stabilize social order and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, countries have stipulated the main terms of labor contracts, such as working hours, labor protection conditions, minimum wages and holidays, and the parties concerned must abide by them.

　　5, the labor contract under certain conditions, often involves the material interests of the third party [7]. This feature is determined by the characteristics of labor reproduction itself. The content of the labor contract is not limited to the provisions of the rights and obligations of the parties, but also involves the material assistance rights enjoyed by the workers’ relatives under certain conditions, such as children’s employment, housing, maternity and work-related injuries, and material assistance when they die [8].

　　Second, the labor contract and its legal characteristics

　　In practice, people usually call the process of providing live labor service labor service. There are many contracts related to labor services, besides employment, there are contracting, publishing, transportation, entrustment, brokerage, storage and warehousing [9]. The concept of labor contract is very broad, and there is no clear and unified legal definition at present. The author thinks: labor contract has broad sense and narrow sense. A labor contract in a broad sense refers to all agreements related to the provision of live labor services (i.e. labor services). It belongs to the category of civil law adjustment, and the object of the contract is labor service. Some scholars define a labor contract as: "A labor contract refers to an agreement between legal persons, citizens, and legal persons and citizens on providing labor services." The author thinks that labor contract: "it is an agreement between the two parties on the creditor’s rights and debts formed in the process of providing live labor for the other party [10]". In a narrow sense, a labor contract only refers to an employment contract, that is, a contract in which both parties agree that one party will provide labor services to the other party and the other party will pay remuneration during a certain or uncertain period [11].

　　A labor service contract in a broad sense covers a lot of contents, so long as it is a labor service contract, it can be included in this kind of contract. According to the different emphasis of labor services provided by one party to the other, labor contracts in a broad sense can be divided into two categories: one is the contract whose object is labor services, but which focuses on the labor behavior itself. Some scholars summarize the contents of this kind of labor contract as follows: entrustment, discipline, intermediation, storage, transportation (transportation), tourism, performance, employment, bank transfer settlement contract and labor contract [12]. The other is the contract whose object is labor service, but which focuses on the result of labor service behavior, that is, the contract to complete the work delivery results; The content of this kind of contract is mainly the contract, as well as the special form of construction project contract [13]. Generally speaking, labor service contracts mainly follow the traditional principles of civil law and are adjusted by civil law, and most of them have become famous contracts. The specific rights and obligations of both parties are clearly stipulated in the contracts, such as discipline, intermediary, custody, transportation, contracting, construction project contracting and so on.

　　The narrow sense of labor contract only refers to the general employment contract, which is still regulated by civil law in most countries; As for another special case of employment contract-labor contract, because of its "legal structure with personal thoughts as the background, it has become increasingly unsuitable to standardize the reality of labor contract in modern society [14]", especially since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, it has entered the era of labor contract with social progress. "The free negotiation of contract is restricted, which more embodies government intervention, and it only eliminates the non-substantive equality that is difficult to achieve in the real society, making economic power. Therefore, the labor contract law with social significance [16] is produced. In this way, today’s labor contract is no longer regulated by civil law, but by labor law [17].

　　To sum up, the labor contract has the following characteristics:

　　1, the universality and equality of the subject. The main body of labor service contract can be signed between legal persons and organizations, or between citizens and legal person organizations. Generally speaking, it is not a special limitation and has universality. At the same time, the two sides fully abide by market rules and have equal status. When signing a contract, both parties shall follow the principle of fairness in the Contract Law.

　　2. Particularity of the subject matter of the contract. The object of a labor service contract is the living labor provided by one party to the other party, that is, labor service, which is an act. Labor contract is a contract with labor as the payment target, but the target of each specific labor contract requires different emphasis on labor behavior, or focuses on labor behavior itself, that is, the process of labor behavior, such as transportation contract; Or focus on the results of labor behavior, that is, the results of labor completed by providing labor services, such as contracting contracts.

　　3. Arbitrariness of content. Unless there are mandatory provisions in the law, both parties to the contract can completely decide the content and corresponding terms of the contract with their own free will, and decide on the provision and use of labor services and the beneficiaries. The content can belong to the needs of a certain profession in production and work, and can also belong to family life. When signing a contract, both parties shall follow the voluntary principle of the Contract Law.

　　4. The contract is a bilateral contract and a mandatory contract. In a labor service contract, one party must provide labor services for the other party, and the other party must pay the corresponding labor remuneration for the party providing labor services, so the labor service contract is a two-service paid contract. Most labor service contracts are non-essential contracts, unless otherwise specified by law.

　　Three, the relationship between labor contract and labor contract, employment contract and contract.

　　1, the difference between labor contract and labor contract

　　(1) Different subject qualifications. The main body of a labor contract can only be a legal person or an organization, that is, an employer, and the other party must be an individual worker. The main body of a labor contract cannot be both natural persons. Both parties to a labor service contract can be legal persons, organizations and citizens at the same time, or citizens can be legal persons and organizations.

　　(2) The nature of the subject and its relationship are different. There is not only a property relationship, that is, an economic relationship, but also a personal relationship, that is, an administrative subordination relationship. In addition to providing labor, workers must accept the management of the employer, obey its arrangements, abide by its rules and regulations, and become internal employees of the employer. However, there is only property relationship between the two parties of the labor contract, that is, economic relationship, and there is no attribute between them. There is no administrative affiliation. Workers provide labor services and employers pay labor remuneration, which are independent and equal.

　　(3) The treatment of subjects is different. Workers in labor relations receive not only wages, but also insurance and welfare benefits. In labour relation, natural persons generally only get paid for their work.

　　(4) The principles of determining remuneration are different. In the labor contract, the employer pays labor remuneration according to the quantity and quality of labor and the relevant regulations of the state, which embodies the principle of distribution according to work, while the labor price in the labor contract is paid according to the market principle of equal value and compensation, which is completely determined by both parties through consultation.

　　(5) Employers’ obligations are different: the performance of labor contracts runs through the intervention of the state. In order to protect workers, the Labor Law imposes many obligations on employers. For example, they must pay old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance for workers, and the wages paid by employers must not be lower than the local minimum wage set by the government. These statutory obligations must not be changed through consultation. Employers of labor contracts generally do not have the above obligations. Of course, both parties may agree on the above contents, or there may be no such contents.

　　(6) The arbitrariness of the contract content is different. The main terms of a labor contract are clearly stipulated by law, and cannot be negotiated by the parties. For example, the employer should provide workers with working conditions and labor protection articles that meet the requirements of the state. However, the labor contract is freely negotiated by both parties to the contract without violating the mandatory law, which is very arbitrary.

　　(7) Different legal adjustments. Labor contracts are mainly regulated by civil law and economic law, while labor laws are regulated by labor law and labor contract law in social law.

　　(8) Different degrees of state intervention: the terms and contents of labor contracts are often stipulated by the state in mandatory legal norms. For example, the employer’s compulsory obligations and the termination of the contract, unless both parties reach an agreement through consultation, the employer must meet the conditions stipulated in the Labor Law. The labor service contract has a low degree of state intervention. Except for violating the mandatory provisions of national laws and regulations, the agreement on the content of the contract mainly depends on the autonomy of the parties, which is determined by the parties through free consultation.

　　(9) Legal liabilities of the contract: The liabilities arising from the non-performance and illegal performance of the labor contract are not only civil liabilities, but also administrative liabilities. For example, if the wages paid by the employer to the workers are lower than the local minimum wage, the labor administrative department shall make up the wages below the standard within a time limit, and if it refuses to pay, the labor administrative department may also give the employer a warning and other administrative sanctions. The responsibilities arising from labor contracts are only civil responsibilities-breach of contract and tort liability, and there is no administrative responsibility.

　　(10) Disputes are handled in different ways. After a labor contract dispute occurs, it should be submitted to the labor arbitration committee of the labor organ for arbitration first, and those who refuse to accept it can only bring a lawsuit in the people’s court within the statutory period. Labor arbitration is the pre-procedure; However, disputes over labor contracts can be litigated or settled through consultation between both parties.

　　2, the difference between labor contract and employment contract.

　　The labor contract developed from the employment contract, which is not much different in essence, but very similar. Labor relations are the social labor relations between workers and their units in the process of realizing social labor, and the objects of standardization are the proposal and acceptance of labor services. However, under the circumstances that China’s actual population is large and employment cannot be fully realized, the norms, adjustments and legal consequences of the two contracts are completely different. The main difference is [18]:

　　(1) The history of the two is different. The employment contract has a long history. Since the existence of slave social exploitation, there has been an employment relationship in human labor relations, and with the need of labor exchange, the employment contract has gradually emerged. The labor contract was developed on the basis of the employment contract in the 17th century when the capitalist commodity economy was relatively developed.

　　(2) Different in nature. An employment contract is a contract in which the employee provides services for the employer; A labor contract is a labor contract that determines the labor relationship between the employer and the employee.

　　(3) the purpose is different. The purpose of an employment contract is to supply labor services, which is centered on the employer’s "ownership" of the laborer and the "domination" of the laborer, while the labor contract is centered on the laborer who provides labor services [19], aiming at the laborer becoming an internal member of the employer.

　　(4) The degree of state intervention is different. The employment contract is more about the mutual agreement of the parties and the result of the parties’ consensus, and the degree of state intervention is less; However, the labor contract more embodies the state’s intervention in the contract between the parties, and makes special provisions on the procedures for concluding the contract, the obligations of the employer, working conditions, labor protection, minimum wage, termination of the contract, etc., mainly focusing on the special protection of workers.

　　(5) The subject and its relationship are different. In a labor contract, one party is a laborer and the other party is an employer, both of which belong to legal persons or social organizations, and their scope of application is limited to the employment of the unit. After becoming an internal member of the employer, the employee must undertake certain types of work or duties, and there is a "special subordinate relationship" between the employee and the employer, and the employee’s work must be "subordinate to the employer [20]". The employment contract can be that one party is a citizen and the other party is a unit, or both parties are citizens, and the employee does not become a member of the employer. Employment provides a wide range of services, and all services adjusted by law can be applied to employment contracts.

　　(6) Different legal adjustments. The labor contract is regulated by the labor law and the labor contract law; Employment contract should belong to civil law adjustment. At present, China’s contract law has not made clear provisions on it, and it is governed by the general principles of civil law and contract law.

　　(7) The procedures for handling disputes are different. When there is a dispute over a labor contract, the judicial organ can only intervene after the arbitration pre-procedure. The dispute should be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Law and the Labor Contract Law, and the arbitration institution or court can judge the employer to continue to perform the labor contract. Similarly, the termination of the contract should follow certain legal procedures. When there is a dispute over the employment contract, the court can directly accept it and apply the provisions of the civil law; There is no special procedure for dissolution, and both parties can dissolve the employment relationship at any time.

　　3, the difference between labor contract and contract.

　　A contract is a contract in which the contractor completes the work, delivers the work and delivers the work results according to the requirements of the customizer, and the customizer pays the remuneration [21].

　　Labor contract and contract are both contracts aimed at providing services, but there are essential differences [22]:

　　(1) the purpose of a labor contract is to provide labor services, and its object lies in the labor itself; Contract is the completion of a certain work, although it involves labor, but its purpose is not labor itself, but labor results, and labor itself is only a means to obtain its results.

　　(2) in the labor contract, regardless of whether the labor has any results, you can get paid; If the contract is fruitless, you can’t get paid.

　　(3) In the labor contract, the laborer needs to obey the arrangement of the other party when providing labor services, and his work has some subordination; In the contract, the contractor’s work is independent.

　　(4) In the labor contract, when the laborer infringes upon the rights of others due to the performance of his duties, his responsibility is usually borne by the unit first. If the laborer is at fault, he will bear the responsibility according to the size of his fault; However, the contractor’s liability for damages caused by tort in the process of contracting is usually borne by the direct contractor.

　　(5) The labor contract reflects the contractual relationship between the employer and the employee, which takes labor remuneration and labor welfare as the core; The contract reflects the contractual relationship between two equal civil subjects, one of which provides the other with work results.

　　4, the difference between the employment contract and the contract.

　　The employment contract and the contracting contract both take labor as the payment object [23]. But there are obvious differences between them, mainly in the following aspects:

　　(1) Pay attention to different services. In the employment contract, the employee only works for a certain purpose, that is, taking the labor service orally for a certain period of time, focusing on the process of labor service payment; The contract is the result that the contractor needs to pay for certain services, and the result of service, that is, the transfer of ownership of work results, is the main content of the contract, and there is an inseparable relationship between labor payment and work results, focusing on labor payment.

　　(2) When signing the contract, both parties have different starting points. In employment contracts, employers generally choose employees based on whether their labor skills are suitable for their own requirements, and employees conclude employment contracts based on whether their labor remuneration meets their own requirements; In the contract, the ordering party selects the contractor on the basis of the contractor’s skills, production equipment or production scale, reputation and other conditions, while the contractor concludes the contract on the basis of whether his own skills or existing conditions can complete the work and obtain benefits.

　　(3) in the employment contract, the employee’s labor payment is a kind of "subordinate labor", including economic and personality subordination. The employee has no independent choice on how to arrange the work, and the employer can interfere with the employee’s work at any time; The contractor’s labor service payment is "independent labor", and the ordering party and the contractor have equal status from beginning to end. The contractor has complete autonomy in how to arrange the work, and the ordering party has no right to interfere.

　　(4) The determination of remuneration is different from payment. In the employment relationship, the determination of remuneration is based on the price of market labor combined with the corresponding industry standards. Once the remuneration is determined, employees can generally obtain a stable amount of remuneration for a long time, and there is no risk of loss; The labor remuneration of the contract is determined based on its own skills or production scale, the price of raw materials, etc. Moreover, the contractor has to bear the risk of potential losses. At the same time, generally speaking, the employee’s salary under an employment contract is hourly wage, and the contractor’s remuneration is piecework remuneration. The employment contract is based on the principle of the existence of a certain period of time, while the contract is based on the one-time payment.

　　(5) Whether contractual obligations can be transferred is different. The subject matter of liabilities in the principle of employment contract is the type contract; Employees under employment contracts can transfer their labor obligations to others; The contract is a specific labor service, and the contractor may not entrust the contracted work to a third person for completion.

　　(6) Different risk burdens. In the employment contract, the employer shall be responsible for the risks arising from the employee’s completion of the work, such as the loss caused by the employee’s injury, the damage to others, and the work that does not meet the quality requirements. In the contract of contract, the contractor shall bear the risk liability, unless it is caused by the employee’s intention or gross negligence, and the ordering party is not involved.

　　(7) Whether you can enjoy the right of disposition is different. Although the employer of an employment contract bears the risk of loss for his employees’ work mistakes, he enjoys certain punishment rights for employees, such as deducting certain bonuses, wages, warnings, admonitions, etc. When employees are punished, they generally cannot be relieved through judicial procedures; The ordering party of the contract has no right to dispose of the contractor, if the quality is unqualified. In case of delayed delivery, the ordering party can only investigate the contractor’s liability for breach of contract according to the provisions of the contract. If no agreement can be reached, it can be settled through arbitration or litigation.

　　IV. Concluding remarks

　　Through the analysis of the essential characteristics of labor contract and labor contract, we basically have a more comprehensive understanding of them, especially through the comparison between labor contract and labor contract, employment contract and contract, and distinguish the differences between labor contract and labor contract more clearly, which is of great practical significance for the correct application of law in handling disputes in the judiciary.

　　Notes:

　　[1] Huang Yueqin: "New Theory of Labor Law", China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 2003, p. 133.

　　[2] Dictionary of Law: edited by Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Law Press, December 2002, p. 840.

　　[3] Guo Jie waiting: "Labor Law", China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 1998, p. 114.

　　[4] Li Jingsen, Jia Junling: "Labor Law", Peking University Publishing House, January 2002 edition, p. 68.

　　[5] edited by Tang Shulao and Si Longsheng: A Complete Book of Labor Law Practice, China Workers Publishing House, 1994, p. 342.

　　[6] Same as [3].

　　[7] edited by Tang Shulao and Si Longsheng: A Complete Book of Labor Law Practice, China Workers Publishing House, 1994, p. 344.

　　[8] Guo Jie et al. Labor Law: China University of Political Science and Law Press, April 1998, p. 115.

　　[9] Peng Wanlin: Civil Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, July 1996, p. 13.

　　[10]’ Dictionary of Law’: Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Law Press, December 2002, p. 847.

　　[11] Zhang Junhao: Civil Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, March 1998, p. 753.

　　[12] Kou Zhixin: Civil Law, Shaanxi People’s Publishing House, 1998, p. 791-844.

　　[13] Same as [12].

　　[14] Huang yueqin: "new theory of labor law", China university of political science and law press, April 2003 edition, p. 86.

　　[15] Same as [11].

　　[16] Same as [1].

　　[17] Shi Shangkuan: On Debt Law, China University of Political Science and Law Press, 2000, p. 294.

　　[18] Kou Zhixin: "Civil Law", Shaanxi People’s Publishing House, 1998, p. 833.

　　[19] Huang yueqin: "new theory of labor law", China university of political science and law press, April 2003 edition, p. 33.

　　[20] Same as 1.

　　[21] Li Guoguang: Interpretation and Application of Contract Law (Volume II), Xinhua Publishing House, 1999, p. 1195.

　　[22] Li Guoguang: Interpretation and Application of Contract Law (Volume II), Xinhua Publishing House, 1999, pp. 1197-1198.

　　[23] with [1]

　　Author: People’s Court of Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province

On the opening day of Meng Hua Lu, Ada published a letter to Sun Sanniang, the character in the play, in Weibo, with his own reading belief. This letter is addressed to Sun Sanniang, who confides in her like a friend she hasn’t seen for a long time, praises her tenacity and kindness, and shares her recent life with her. But this letter seems to be addressed to Ada herself. She told herself not to bow to other people’s comments easily, but to firmly follow the road of life that she wanted.

From bit part, whose acting is a little immature in The Painted Skin, to Yue Miaomiao, the anchor of online celebrity in The Beneficiary, who won the best actress in the film festival, to Sun Sanniang, who impressed the audience recently because of the hit of Meng Hua Lu, Ada, who was an actor across the border by the host, stumbled forward and experienced many difficulties all the way. However, she has always been as resolute and brave as San Niang. In the face of doubt and criticism, she persisted in her dream and tore off the label of "sexy" step by step, revealing the amazing side of "actress" Ada.

Interview with Ada (Part I):Be grateful for the "sexy" label, and you will be positive when you encounter unfriendly voices in your life.

Tough cattail and soft moss

Comfortable, natural and true, this is the evaluation of Ada’s performance by many audiences after watching Dream of China. Sun Sanniang, who looks dashing and dashing in the play, seems to be a far cry from Ada in people’s impression.

　

Sun Sanniang in the play is a straightforward and decisive person with a delicate mind. She knows life, is grounded and empathetic, and is always the first to notice the emotional changes of her sisters around her. Coupled with her superb cooking skills, she exudes a soothing fireworks atmosphere. Outside the play, Ada was once described by moss. After losing the star’s "coat", she was just like an ordinary girl next door, soft and full of vitality.

　

In an interview, Ada mentioned that she and Liu Yifei and Jelly Lin are intimate friends in private. Everyone will share food, beauty and all kinds of good things in life together, and they will talk about almost everything together. Her past hosting career has made her more sensitive and careful. When talking and interacting with others, she can always take care of everyone’s feelings. In life, Ada’s cooking skills are no less than those of San Niang, and friends around her all say that she is good at cooking. Through the filming of Dream of China, she also learned to carve flowers, knead dough and cook delicious food. As an ordinary person, Ada also has delicacy and truth that people don’t understand.

　

However, Sun Sanniang is also a soft-hearted person. She is brave, strong and independent, and dares to do anything for her friends. Even though I encountered all kinds of grievances and injustices, I still didn’t give up my life. In ancient times, when the status of women was humble, she struggled with her own hands and never gave in to her fate. From this aspect, it seems that Ada, who drifted northward, and Sun Sanniang, who drifted bianjing, have a wonderful similarity.

　

"When you go from a small place to a bigger city, the interpersonal network will become more complicated, there will be more and more talented people, and the competitive pressure will become greater. Therefore, you should not only have IQ online, EQ online, but also adversity quotient online, "Ada sighed." And there is no one around to be caring and attentive during the holidays, which may bring you psychological pressure and emotional changes. I can actually understand this mood. "

　

Being a host is Ada’s first job after she started drifting north, and that’s what she always wanted to do. She was born in a non-professional class, and she made a thousand times more efforts than others. Learn relevant professional knowledge, test Putonghua and host certificate, and strive to meet the industry standards. At that time, Ada was just like "Desperate for Three Mothers". In order to save money and time, sometimes she only took off half of her makeup when she went home. The mobile phone doesn’t turn off for 24 hours, more than a dozen programs turn around, and I wear high heels until my feet swell. But even so, she will still encounter all kinds of situations of being denied, criticized and replaced. The sense of crisis abandoned by the industry has defeated her self-confidence countless times.

　

Later, it was a new adventure to transform from a host to an actor. At first, she played a supporting role or guest appearance in various film and television works. In the past few years, she still has no representative work of her own. When the audience mentioned her, it was always difficult to equate her with the actress. It was not until she co-starred with Dapeng in the film The Beneficiary that she was nominated for the Best Actress in the 33rd Golden Rooster Award of China Film, and included the nominations and awards of the 11th Macau International Film Festival, the 5th China-Canada International Film Festival and other film festivals, so that more people could see the shining point of Ada as an actor.

　

The director of the movie Beneficiary’s bid for the Olympic Games once described Ada as "burning weeds" and "invincible Xiaoqiang". Along the way, Ada seems to have been challenging what she is not good at, but she is strong, hardworking and unyielding, with unique tenacity like Pucao, like Yue Miaomiao and Sun Sanniang. "I think people can turn over," Ada said firmly. "You must grit your teeth and try to be a better yourself, so that at least when you leave, you won’t regret it."

　Live in harmony with sex appeal　

For a long time in the past, Ada seemed to be firmly tied to the word "sexy".

　

In 2011, when Ada attended the Hong Kong premiere of the movie "Painting the Wall", she was dressed in a black tight-fitting low-cut dress, which attracted and occupied almost all the shots and pages at that time. The sexy and bright dress has brought her unprecedented exposure and topicality, and also enabled her and the team to find a new breakthrough in the future.

　

In fact, before this, Ada had accumulated a lot of popularity by hosting, but she was still confused about her future. Those popularity didn’t bring her any substantial changes. She couldn’t advance to the top position in the field of hosting, and she had no money and no hope.

　

In the cruel entertainment circle, Ada knows that opportunities are hard to come by. For her, any tiny opportunity may become a turning point to change her life. Therefore, as an opportunist, she resolutely seized the opportunity of being sexy, began to attend some occasions with publicity needs in a relatively sexy dress, and also accepted various magazine covers and charming and sexy film and television role invitations, even if it was only a short appearance. With the sexy label, Ada got more and more people’s recognition and attention, and she really became popular as she expected.

But in a sexy way, perhaps even Ada himself had never thought of it. To the people around her, she is actually a traditional and conservative person. In an interview, Ada’s agent recalled that the suspender top or skirt she wore when she hosted the program earlier, the shoulder strap must be more than three fingers wide, and the low-cut clothes would even try to sew.

　

It is such a person who seems to be out of place with sexy, and has been deeply linked with this label since then. Recalling his feelings when he first got this label, the first word Ada mentioned was "gratitude". "It seems like a gift to me, a pleasant surprise. Because I know myself too well, I am really not a sexy person, so when I found out that I can be sexy, I was actually very surprised. "

　

However, in this world, popularity is always accompanied by arguments. This weapon, named "Sexy", follows Ada in breaking waves, and sometimes it will inevitably hurt itself. After gaining traffic and attention by virtue of sex appeal, many unwarranted speculations and public opinion attacks also swarmed from all directions. Some people say that Ada is scheming and ambitious, some people satirize that she can only borrow her chest to get ahead, and all kinds of strangers insult and abuse her under her Weibo.

　

Maybe you can’t be completely indifferent, but these negative remarks have never defeated Ada. She used her own way to block unfriendly voices from the outside world, and sometimes even confronted them. She stumbled all the way forward, and never thought of leaving in the face of no matter how big the difficulties, because in her heart, she gained far more than she lost.

　

But she gets confused occasionally. "After I have played some sexy roles, the industry will have some stereotypes about me. When I try to win other roles, the other party will directly say that you are not suitable for this character." Sexy is like a fence built invisibly, which limits her way.

　

Fortunately, all this is slowly changing. In Ada’s view, from "Beneficiary" to "Dream of China" are the best proof of people’s impression change on her. Especially in Meng Hua Lu, there are actually many sexy and glamorous female roles, but the director and casting team gave her the role of Sun Sanniang, which was pungent and energetic, and her final performance also made more people see Ada’s versatility and plasticity as an actor.

　

Today, Ada describes himself as living in harmony with the label "sexy". She still doesn’t reject it, but in her life, this word no longer represents all of her. "I want to rank this label second and third for the time being. When I am 7 or 80 years old, I may rank it first again, because I really like it."

　Be the one who works hardest.　

Recently, in a discussion post about Dream of China in Douban, someone specifically mentioned Ada’s acting skills. It is said that under the lens of most directors, she seems to be playing the role of "edge ball". However, she was clearly nominated for the Golden Rooster Award, and she was an actress with solid lines and excellent acting skills. This time, in Dream of China, director Yang Yang didn’t dispute the consumption of Ada, let alone waste her acting skills.

　

In fact, looking back at Liu Yangang’s works when she was in contact with the performance, it is not difficult to see that she is immature and green. At that time, she crossed into the actor industry from the host. Without professional study, she could only explore slowly by herself. Based on her previous professional habits, she always cared about the fluency and accuracy of her lines at first, but that was often not the most real and natural expression. As a "novice", she is afraid of being scolded by the director and dragging the back of the same group of actors, and she is always trembling.

　

"But I think performance is a process of slow enlightenment." In terms of performance, Ada paid enough patience and efforts. She firmly grasped every opportunity, whether it was supporting role, guest appearance or wannabe who played soy sauce, every role was an opportunity for her to temper and grow.

　

In 2017, Ada participated in the performance competition program "The Birth of an Actor" and performed on the same stage with many professional actors. Although there is no reward and there is no guarantee of promotion, it is a rare opportunity for her to learn and prove herself. She accepted all the praises and criticisms from her mentor, and turned them into the motivation of the actress. Ada said sincerely in the program, "I am not the most talented actor, but I want to be the one who works hardest."

　

With the study and accumulation bit by bit, Ada began to deeply understand why performance comes from life, and gradually found a more real and natural performance rhythm and way. She mentioned in the interview that acting is actually not the key, and there is no need to "experience" the role at a certain point in time. As an actor, the best state is to "become" that character and become one with her while staying relaxed and immersed.

Interview with Ada (Part II):I made a dream of China and got a delicious meal. I didn’t have appearance anxiety but I had time anxiety.

Compared with before, Ada has received more and more scripts and role invitations, among which there are also many important roles and female number one. "I don’t really care about the multiple scenes of the role, and I don’t have a special role to challenge. I just hope to cooperate with excellent teams, excellent actors and directors to increase the value of my performance, and I can learn a lot, just like Dream of China, otherwise it is difficult for actors to grow up quickly in this industry." Talking about this, Ada showed his long-lost excitement and desire for expression. "If an actor meets a good role, he will have a great desire to create, and that feeling is like winning the lottery. This is something that can be met but not sought."

　

Ada has been in the business for more than twenty years. The growth of age did not make her anxious about her figure and appearance, but made her more calm than before. From the beginning, I crossed the river by feeling the stones without confidence and confidence, to learning and growing slowly, turning failure into motivation, and finally being recognized by the host and acting skills. The industry and the audience gave her space and time to grow up. Like the three ladies in Dream of China, she tried her best to win hard-won opportunities and change her destiny with her own strength.

　

"On the whole, I’m satisfied with my career and life," Ada said of myself so far. "I’m more appreciative of Ada himself.

Written by Wang Xuening

—　THE

　　At 9: 00 on June 23, with the Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharging at a flow rate of 2,600 cubic meters per second, it marked the official start of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation in 2025.

　　On July 1st, the Yellow River will officially enter the main flood season. According to the regulations, the water level of the relevant reservoirs should be reduced to the flood limit level to make room for flood control. According to the principle of safety, controllability and overall consideration, combined with the requirements of drought resistance in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and flood prevention in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and firmly grasping the "bull’s nose" of regulating the relationship between water and sediment, the Yellow River Water Resources Commission decided to start the implementation of water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River in 2025 by jointly dispatching Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs from June 23, so as to scientifically regulate the relationship between water and sediment.

　　According to the inflow of water from the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the water storage situation of the reservoir, in order to enhance the follow-up power of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir, give full play to the water storage benefits above the limited water level of the reservoir in flood season, and minimize the impact on aquatic organisms and their habitats, this water and sediment regulation will last for about 17 days in combination with years of practical experience in water and sediment regulation, and comprehensively consider the objectives of drought resistance, irrigation and supply protection, reservoir dredging for flood season, river siltation reduction, and estuary ecological water replenishment. During the period, the joint dispatching mode of Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs, with cameras of Luhun, Guxian and Hekoucun reservoirs as the tributaries, was adopted, and the maximum discharge of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was controlled at Huayuankou Hydrological Station of about 4,600 cubic meters per second. Considering the sediment discharge and siltation reduction of the reservoir and the aquatic organisms and their habitat ecology in the downstream river, the peak sediment concentration at Huayuankou Hydrological Station should be controlled not to exceed 359 kg/m3.

　　Since the beginning of this year, faced with the grim situation of drought in many provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin, the Yellow River Committee has thoroughly implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on flood control and drought relief, conscientiously implemented the work deployment of the Ministry of Water Resources, made drought relief and irrigation and supply the first priority, paid close attention to the development of drought in the basin, scientifically dispatched key reservoirs in the basin, and accurately matched the domestic water demand of urban and rural areas in the basin with the irrigation demand of irrigation areas. It has launched emergency response five times, with a total water supply of 13.5 billion cubic meters, providing a strong water resource guarantee for ensuring water supply security and food security

　　Regulating water and sediment in the Yellow River is one of the important means to adjust the relationship between water and sediment in the Yellow River. Since 2002, on the basis of a lot of scientific research and experiments, the Yellow River Committee has seized the possible opportunity to continuously carry out water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River. The Yellow River water and sediment regulation will strive to achieve a win-win goal: to meet the needs of downstream irrigation and supply, and to ensure the safety of drought-resistant water use in the later period; Maintain the middle water channel in the lower reaches of the Yellow River; Realize the sediment discharge and siltation reduction of the reservoir, optimize the siltation form of the reservoir, and minimize the impact on aquatic organisms and their habitats; Implementing ecological regulation of the Yellow River and ecological water replenishment in the delta; Further explore the law of sediment transport in reservoirs, downstream rivers and estuaries.

　　The Yellow River water and sediment transfer has a large flow and a long duration. The Yellow River Committee attached great importance to it, strengthened organization and leadership, scientifically formulated plans, and made arrangements in advance. On June 15th, it sent advance notices to the management units of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, the River Affairs Bureau, the Sanmenxia reservoir area, and the relevant reservoirs and power grid management units to inform the relevant situation, and to the organization and leadership, hydrological monitoring and forecasting, reservoir operation, risk investigation and emergency rescue, and wading safety.

　　During the Yellow River water and sediment transfer period, the Yellow River Committee will pay close attention to the weather situation changes, timely analyze the water and rain conditions, strengthen emergency duty and flood control consultation, strengthen real-time reservoir dispatching, strengthen project inspection and defense, ensure the smooth progress of water and sediment transfer, and ensure the safety of personnel and projects.

Wow ~ Have you heard of this super violent story? An original humble young man actually hit a wall in the TV hosting competition, but he finally got the recognition of the TV variety channel and became a high-profile variety host by his constant struggle! Yes, he is the new host who has been hot recently-Xu Bin. He used to be an ordinary gamer, but now he has become the darling of TV variety channels. Yes, in the program "Culture Ten" you watched, he appeared frequently, which took the program to a new height.

Maybe you don’t know much about him, but in the recent TV stage, he shines brightly! Many deputies praised his performance. They feel that the TV stage has successfully integrated Chinese excellent traditional culture and modern elements perfectly, showing the elegance of the new era and showing our self-confidence and self-improvement.

However, the new host is not always smooth sailing. He once ran into a wall in the host contest, but with his own talent and hard work, he came to today step by step. Now, his performance in the program "Culture Ten" is really dazzling, and he has the charm of hosting.

When it comes to his performance, we can’t help but mention his stability and fashion. Compared with the previous childish beauty, he is more calm and fashionable now. He is handsome and full of gas, wearing a double-breasted suit, which is simply the standard for variety show hosts!

Recently, the ratings of "Culture Ten" have also been rising continuously, which is inseparable from the new indoor dance design and the participation of Xu Bin. The content and form of the program have been upgraded in all directions, which is more in line with the taste of the audience and the trend of the times.

If you are interested in this story, you may also find that success is not out of reach. As long as you are willing to work hard, there is always a bright road that suits you! So, let’s cheer for this new host and look forward to his more brilliant performance in the future!

The place where TV is filmed may also be the place where dreams and reality meet. In Hengdian Film and Television City, there are countless dreams and opportunities, just like the intersection of reality and dreams. Here, young people gather together with their love and pursuit of performing arts, hoping to realize their feats in film and television dramas through repeated opportunities.

However, behind Hengdian Film and Television City, it is tense and busy. As more and more crews are located here, the demand for actors is gradually increasing. As a group performance, their daily salary has also risen, reaching more than 100 yuan, which reflects the relationship between supply and demand in the actor market to some extent. According to the person in charge of the Actors’ Union, although the number of registered actors in Hengdian Film and Television City is as high as 130,000, with the growth of the demand of the crew, the gap of future actors may become bigger and bigger.

Interestingly, Hengdian Studios also attracted many elites from other industries. For example, Dong Shuzhi, the founder of Shanghai Finance Company, achieved financial freedom in Hengdian and became an actor. Such stories abound, showing the charm and attraction of the performing arts.

The prosperity of the film and television market is closely related to the popularity of short plays. The production cycle of miniseries is short and the investment is small, but the return is quite rich. This low-cost and high-return model attracts more producers and investors, and also provides more opportunities for actors to exercise. However, with the growing demand for filming, the shortage of excellent actors has become more and more prominent, which also plans the reality that the actors’ union must take a series of measures to deal with it.

　　CCTV News:On July 21st, the Emergency Management Department held a regular press conference in July.

　　The reporter from CCTV Financial Channel at Headquarters asked: What are the main objectives and tasks set by the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan? What are the highlights? Thank you!

　　Chen Sheng, Director of the Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Department of the Emergency Management Department, responded that the overall goal of the Plan anchored the 14th Five-Year Plan for China’s national economic and social development and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035. From the first stage to 2025, a natural disaster prevention and control system with overall planning and high efficiency, clear responsibilities, combination of prevention and control, social participation and coordination with high-quality economic and social development will be basically established; In the second stage, we will strive to basically modernize the natural disaster prevention and control system and prevention and control capacity by 2035, and the prevention and response to major disasters will be more powerful, orderly and effective.

　　Under the overall goal, the Plan defines 6 sub-goals and 2 major sections and 12 major tasks.

　　First, around the improvement of institutional mechanisms, on the one hand, we will strengthen standardization, revise and improve laws and regulations on disaster prevention and mitigation, establish and improve the investigation and evaluation system for major and extraordinary disasters, improve all kinds of disaster emergency plans and standards and norms in various fields, on the other hand, we will strengthen mechanism construction, establish and improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism for natural disaster prevention and control, and improve the work pattern of joint management and coordination.

　　Second, focus on disaster risk reduction, highlight source control, incorporate disaster risk assessment into the requirements of national spatial planning, build a national comprehensive risk database of natural disasters, and prepare a comprehensive risk map and a prevention and control zoning map. The public coverage of early warning information will reach 90%, and the average annual death rate per million people will be controlled within 1, and the average number of people affected by disasters per 100,000 people will be less than 15,000, so as to minimize disaster risks.

　　Third, focus on efficient disaster relief, set up a central disaster relief material reserve, improve the emergency response mechanism and various rescue policies, strengthen the linkage between early warning and emergency response, effectively help the basic livelihood of the affected people within 10 hours of the disaster, and effectively ensure the safety of the people’s lives in the first place.

　　Fourth, focus on consolidating the foundation of disaster prevention and mitigation, deploy major projects to build scientific and technological support capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation, encourage the development of disaster prevention and mitigation industries, consolidate the grass-roots organization system for disaster prevention and mitigation, and extensively carry out popular science education on disaster prevention and mitigation. Every village (community) in urban and rural areas throughout the country has at least one disaster information officer.